Quirk J
Royal Halifax Infirmary, Halifax, West Yorkshire.
Br J Nurs. 2000;9(9):537-41. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2000.9.9.6287.
The provision of artificial nutrition for critically ill patients is of great importance as many are unable to maintain their own nutritional needs. The administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral nutrition (EN) has become a daily practice in intensive care units. Despite this, many patients remain undernourished or even malnourished and it is estimated that the incidence of malnutrition in intensive care patients could be as high as 50% (McCain, 1993). The reasons by which patients become or remain undernourished are multifactorial and range from physiological to iatrogenic. In order to lessen the catabolic state which results from the hypermetabolism associated with critical illness, prompt and adequate nutritional support must be delivered. It is essential that members of the multidisciplinary team caring for critically ill patients are aware of the importance of nutrition and the deleterious effects of malnutrition to achieve the best possible outcome for patients.
为重症患者提供人工营养非常重要，因为许多患者无法维持自身的营养需求。全胃肠外营养（TPN）和肠内营养（EN）的管理已成为重症监护病房的日常工作。尽管如此，许多患者仍然营养不良甚至极度营养不良，据估计，重症监护患者的营养不良发生率可能高达50%（麦凯恩，1993年）。患者出现或持续营养不良的原因是多方面的，从生理因素到医源性因素都有。为了减轻与危重病相关的高代谢所导致的分解代谢状态，必须迅速提供充足的营养支持。照顾重症患者的多学科团队成员必须意识到营养的重要性以及营养不良的有害影响，以便为患者取得尽可能好的治疗效果。
