[An autopsy case of an infant born with a caul who died due to asphyxia after live-birth].

We reported an autopsy case of a child born with a caul. The infant was a female and seemed to be full-term. No remarkable pathological findings for disease or anomalies were observed. The floating test of lungs was partially positive. And on the gastro-intestinal floating test, only stomach floated. In histological examination, the alveoli in the lungs were partially slightly open. We thought that those were due to the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Pulmonary surfactant was positive immunohistochemically. And the stable microbubble test on the liquid in her stomach was very strong. Even if a child is born alive, he or she will soon die due to asphyxia but for the production of surfactant in the lungs. We can evaluate more precisely the potential respiratory ability of a neonate died due to asphyxia by means of stable microbubble test on newborn gastric contents and immunohistochemical staining of surfactant in lungs.