Oldfield B J, Giles M E, Watson A, Anderson C, Colvill L M, McKinley M J
Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Vic. Australia.
Neuroscience. 2002;110(3):515-26. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00555-3.
The identification of leptin and a range of novel anorectic and orexigenic peptides has focussed attention on the neural circuitry involved in the genesis of food intake and the reflex control of thermogenesis. Here, the neurotropic virus pseudorabies has been utilised in conjunction with the immunocytochemical localisation of a variety of neuroactive peptides and receptors to better define the pathways in the rat hypothalamus directed polysynaptically to the major thermogenic endpoint, brown adipose tissue. Infected neurones were detected initially in the stellate ganglion, then in the spinal cord followed by the appearance of third-order premotor neurones in the brainstem and hypothalamus. Within the hypothalamus these were present in the paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, perifornical region, and retrochiasmatic nucleus. At slightly longer survival times virus-infected neurones appeared in the arcuate nucleus and dorsomedial hypothalamus. Neurones in the retrochiasmatic nucleus and in the adjacent lateral arcuate nucleus which project to the brown adipose tissue express cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, pro-opiomelanocortin and leptin receptors. Neurones in the lateral hypothalamus, a site traditionally associated with the promotion of feeding, project to brown adipose tissue and large numbers of these contained melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin A and B. These data provide part of an anatomical framework which subserves the regulation of energy expenditure.
瘦素以及一系列新型食欲抑制肽和食欲促进肽的发现，使人们将注意力集中在参与食物摄入产生和产热反射控制的神经回路。在此，嗜神经性病毒伪狂犬病已与多种神经活性肽和受体的免疫细胞化学定位结合使用，以更好地确定大鼠下丘脑中多突触地指向主要产热终点——棕色脂肪组织的通路。最初在星状神经节中检测到受感染的神经元，然后在脊髓中检测到，随后在脑干和下丘脑中出现三级运动前神经元。在下丘脑中，这些神经元存在于室旁核、下丘脑外侧、穹窿周区域和视交叉后核。在稍长的存活时间内，病毒感染的神经元出现在弓状核和下丘脑背内侧。投射到棕色脂肪组织的视交叉后核和相邻外侧弓状核中的神经元表达可卡因和苯丙胺调节转录物、阿片促黑素皮质素原和瘦素受体。下丘脑外侧的神经元，一个传统上与促进进食相关的部位，投射到棕色脂肪组织，其中大量含有促黑素细胞激素以及食欲素A和B。这些数据提供了一个有助于能量消耗调节的解剖学框架的一部分。
