Hernelahti M, Kujala U M, Kaprio J, Sarna S
Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Sports Med. 2002 Apr;23(3):178-82. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-23176.
500 and 69 male former elite athletes and 319 male controls completed a health questionnaire in 1985 and in 1995. Register data on the subjects were also collected. Subjects were aged 65 years or less and had no history of hypertension in 1985, and they had been healthy at the age of 20 years. The athletes were grouped into endurance and mixed sports (n = 386), and power sports (n = 183). The cumulative 10-year incidence of hypertension up to 1995 was significantly lower in the endurance and mixed sports group (23.6 %) compared to the power sports group (33.3 %) or the control group (32.0 %). The difference between the endurance and mixed sports group and the two other groups was still significant after adjustment for age, but not after further adjustment for body mass index, alcohol consumption, and later physical activity. However, the trend of reduced risk remained. In conclusion, a history of being an elite athlete in endurance or mixed sports predicts a lower risk of hypertension in working age men, while a history of being an elite athlete in power sports appears to confer no benefit. Later physical activity was also associated with lower risk.
500名男性前精英运动员、69名男性前精英运动员以及319名男性对照者于1985年和1995年完成了一份健康调查问卷。还收集了受试者的登记数据。受试者年龄在65岁及以下，1985年无高血压病史，且20岁时身体健康。运动员被分为耐力和混合运动组（n = 386）以及力量运动组（n = 183）。截至1995年，耐力和混合运动组的高血压累积10年发病率（23.6%）显著低于力量运动组（33.3%）或对照组（32.0%）。在对年龄进行调整后，耐力和混合运动组与其他两组之间的差异仍然显著，但在进一步对体重指数、饮酒量和后期体育活动进行调整后，差异不再显著。然而降低风险的趋势仍然存在。总之，耐力或混合运动项目的精英运动员经历预示着在职男性患高血压的风险较低，而力量运动项目的精英运动员经历似乎并无益处。后期体育活动也与较低风险相关。
