Fiane Arnt E, Geiran Odd R, Mollnes Tom E
Thoraxkirurgisk avdeling, Rikshospitalet 0027 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Feb 10;122(4):397-400.
The motivation for research on animals as a source of cells, tissues and organs for human transplantation (xenotransplantation) is the scarcity of suitable donors for patients with end-stage organ failure. Use of animals in both experimental and clinical settings raise considerable ethical concerns, especially when non-human primates are used. The pig may represent an acceptable source animal for xenotransplantation and is today regarded as the animal of choice. Xenotransplantation seems defensible from an ethical perspective, but should not be performed in humans until preclinical animal-to-animal xenotransplantations have a predictable rate of success and the risk to society at large is negligible. For the individual patient and his or her next of kin involved, issues of autonomy and proper consent procedures must be given high priority. Safeguards must be established, for the patient and for society at large, in relation to health hazards from infectious organisms, particularly retroviruses. Public monitoring of research on and clinical use of xenotransplantation is mandatory.
将动物作为人类移植（异种移植）的细胞、组织和器官来源进行研究的动机是终末期器官衰竭患者的合适供体稀缺。在实验和临床环境中使用动物引发了相当多的伦理问题，尤其是在使用非人类灵长类动物时。猪可能是异种移植可接受的来源动物，如今被视为首选动物。从伦理角度看，异种移植似乎是合理的，但在临床前动物到动物的异种移植成功率可预测且对整个社会的风险可忽略不计之前，不应在人体中进行。对于涉及的个体患者及其近亲，必须高度重视自主权和适当的同意程序问题。必须针对患者和整个社会，制定与感染性生物体（特别是逆转录病毒）带来的健康危害相关的保障措施。对异种移植的研究和临床应用进行公众监督是强制性的。
