Oh Tae-Ju, Yoon Joongkyo, Misch Carl E, Wang Hom-Lay
Department of Periodontics/Prevention/Geriatrics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
J Periodontol. 2002 Mar;73(3):322-33. doi: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.3.322.
The success of dental implants is highly dependent on integration between the implant and intraoral hard/soft tissue. Initial breakdown of the implant-tissue interface generally begins at the crestal region in successfully osseointegrated endosteal implants, regardless of surgical approaches (submerged or nonsubmerged). Early crestal bone loss is often observed after the first year of function, followed by minimal bone loss (< or =0.2 mm) annually thereafter. Six plausible etiologic factors are hypothesized, including surgical trauma, occlusal overload, peri-implantitis, microgap, biologic width, and implant crest module. It is the purpose of this article to review and discuss each factor Based upon currently available literature, the reformation of biologic width around dental implants, microgap if placed at or below the bone crest, occlusal overload, and implant crest module may be the most likely causes of early implant bone loss. Furthermore, it is important to note that other contributing factors, such as surgical trauma and penimplantitis, may also play a role in the process of early implant bone loss. Future randomized, well-controlled clinical trials comparing the effect of each plausible factor are needed to clarify the causes of early implant bone loss.
牙种植体的成功高度依赖于种植体与口腔内硬/软组织之间的整合。在成功实现骨结合的骨内种植体中，无论采用何种手术方式（潜入式或非潜入式），种植体-组织界面的初始破坏通常始于嵴顶区域。在功能的第一年之后，常常观察到早期嵴顶骨吸收，此后每年的骨吸收量极少（≤0.2毫米）。本文提出了六个可能的病因因素，包括手术创伤、咬合负荷过重、种植体周围炎、微间隙、生物学宽度和种植体嵴模块。本文的目的是回顾和讨论每个因素。基于目前可得的文献，牙种植体周围生物学宽度的重塑、位于或低于骨嵴处的微间隙、咬合负荷过重以及种植体嵴模块可能是早期种植体骨吸收的最可能原因。此外，需要注意的是，其他促成因素，如手术创伤和种植体周围炎，在早期种植体骨吸收过程中也可能起作用。未来需要进行比较各可能因素影响的随机、严格对照的临床试验，以阐明早期种植体骨吸收的原因。
