Meijer van Putten J B
Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 1998 Nov;105(11):416-8.
A common oral manifestation of elevated levels of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone, as seen in pregnancy or oral contraceptive usage, is an increase in gingival inflammation. Estrogen and progesterone probably induce a physiologic vascular phenomenon with swelling and redness. Furthermore, these hormones alter the microenvironment of the oral bacteria so as to promote their growth and cause shifts in their populations. The resulting gingivitis can be avoided or at least minimized by establishing low plaque levels at the beginning of pregnancy or at the start of oral contraceptive therapy.
在孕期或使用口服避孕药时，卵巢激素雌激素和孕激素水平升高常见的口腔表现是牙龈炎症增加。雌激素和孕激素可能会引发一种伴有肿胀和发红的生理性血管现象。此外，这些激素会改变口腔细菌的微环境，从而促进其生长并导致菌群变化。通过在怀孕初期或开始口服避孕药治疗时保持低菌斑水平，由此产生的牙龈炎可以避免，或者至少将其影响降至最低。
