Kranthi Keshav Raj, Russell Derek, Wanjari Ravindra, Kherde Manoj, Munje Shyamkant, Lavhe Nandkishor, Armes Nigel
Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India.
J Econ Entomol. 2002 Feb;95(1):134-42. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.134.
Discriminating doses of fenvalerate, cypermethrin, quinalphos, and endosulfan were determined with an insecticide-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) strain. In-season changes in insecticide resistance were monitored with discriminating dose assays at weekly intervals throughout the cropping season for 6 yr from 1993 to 1999 in central India. Resistance to pyrethroids was high throughout all seasons. Resistance to 0.75 microg of quinalphos was consistent, with seasonal averages ranging from 23 to 27% survival over the 6 yr. Resistance to 10.0 microg of endosulfan was moderately high at an average of 40-47% survival during 1993-1994 and in 1997-1998. It was lower in 1996-1997 at 27%, and in 1998-1999 at 33%. The weekly monitoring data for all seasons were pooled and the consolidated 6-yr seasonal average profile indicated that resistance to quinalphos and endosulfan was low during September at 21 and 27% survival, respectively, but increased to 28 and 37% by the end of November. Resistance levels to organophosphates and endosulfan increased during the season, depending on the use of these compounds. At almost all monitoring sites, the within-season changes in quinalphos resistance for all seasons through the study period followed a trend similar to that of endosulfan. The results suggest the possibility of cross-resistance between these compounds. Based on this study and the existing information on cotton pest management, we have developed a "window strategy" for cotton pest management with specific emphasis on the management of insecticides for effective control of H. armigera. This strategy has contributed to improved control at reduced costs in extensive trials.
采用对杀虫剂敏感的棉铃虫品系测定了杀灭菊酯、氯氰菊酯、喹硫磷和硫丹的区分剂量。1993年至1999年的6年间，在印度中部整个作物生长季节，每隔一周用区分剂量试验监测杀虫剂抗性的季节变化。在所有季节中，对拟除虫菊酯类的抗性都很高。对0.75微克喹硫磷的抗性较为稳定，6年间季节平均存活率在23%至27%之间。对10.0微克硫丹的抗性在1993 - 1994年和1997 - 1998年中等偏高，平均存活率为40% - 47%。在1996 - 1997年为27%，在1998 - 1999年为33%，较低。汇总所有季节的每周监测数据，6年综合季节平均概况表明，9月份对喹硫磷和硫丹的抗性较低，存活率分别为21%和27%，但到11月底分别增至28%和37%。对有机磷和硫丹的抗性水平在季节中有所增加，这取决于这些化合物的使用情况。在几乎所有监测地点，整个研究期间所有季节喹硫磷抗性的季节内变化趋势与硫丹相似。结果表明这些化合物之间可能存在交叉抗性。基于这项研究以及现有的棉花害虫管理信息，我们制定了一种棉花害虫管理的“窗口期策略”，特别强调杀虫剂管理以有效控制棉铃虫。在广泛试验中，该策略有助于以降低成本实现更好的防治效果。
