Ali Mohammad, Emch Michael, Donnay Jean Paul
ICDDR,B, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Health Place. 2002 Jun;8(2):85-92. doi: 10.1016/s1353-8292(01)00029-6.
Despite the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in academic research, it is still uncommon for public health officials to use such tools for addressing health and environmental issues. Complexities in methodological issues for addressing relationships between health and environment, investigating spatial variation of disease, and addressing spatial demand and supply of health care service, hinder the use of GIS in the health sector. This paper demonstrates simple spatial filtering methods for analyzing health and environmental data using a raster GIS. Computing spatial moving average rates reduces individual affects and creates a continuous surface of phenomena. Another spatial analytical method discussed is computation of exposure status surfaces including neighbors' influences weighted by distance decay. These methods describe how health and environmental data can be scaled in order to better address health problems. Spatial filtering methods are demonstrated using health and population surveillance data within a GIS that were collected for approximately 210,000 people in Matlab, Bangladesh.
尽管地理信息系统（GIS）已在学术研究中得到应用，但公共卫生官员使用此类工具来解决健康与环境问题的情况仍不常见。在处理健康与环境之间的关系、调查疾病的空间变异以及解决医疗保健服务的空间供需问题时，方法学上存在的复杂性阻碍了GIS在卫生领域的应用。本文展示了使用栅格GIS分析健康与环境数据的简单空间过滤方法。计算空间移动平均率可减少个体影响并创建现象的连续表面。讨论的另一种空间分析方法是计算暴露状态表面，包括按距离衰减加权的邻居影响。这些方法描述了如何对健康与环境数据进行缩放，以便更好地解决健康问题。使用孟加拉国马特莱地区为约21万人收集的GIS中的健康与人口监测数据展示了空间过滤方法。
