Nayak Prajna Pramod, Pai Jagadeesha B, Singla Nishu, Somayaji Krishnaraj S, Kalra Dheeraj
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021 Apr 15;11(2):125-131. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_413_20. eCollection 2021 Mar-Apr.
Research on the role of environment and place in various aspects of dental public health using geographic information systems (GIS) is escalating rapidly. Yet, the understanding of GIS and the analytical tools that it offers are still vaguely understood. This narrative review therefore draws from the utilization of GIS in the dental public health research.
Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PUBMED, and Scopus were searched using terms "spatial epidemiology," "GIS," "geographic information systems," "health geography," "environment public health tracking," "spatial distribution," "disease mapping," "geographic correlation studies," "cartography," "big data," and "disease clustering" through December 2019.
This review builds upon the prospects of GIS application in various aspects of dental public health. Studies were classified as: (1) GIS for mapping of disease, population at risk, and risk factors; (2) GIS in geographic correlation studies; (3) GIS for gauging healthcare accessibility and spatial distribution of healthcare providers. We also identified the commonly used GIS analytical techniques in oral epidemiology.
We anticipate that this review will spur advancement in the utilization of spatial analytical techniques and GIS in the dental public health research.
利用地理信息系统（GIS）研究环境和场所在牙科公共卫生各方面的作用正在迅速升温。然而，人们对GIS及其提供的分析工具的理解仍较为模糊。因此，本叙述性综述借鉴了GIS在牙科公共卫生研究中的应用情况。
通过检索谷歌学术、PUBMED和Scopus等电子数据库，使用“空间流行病学”“GIS”“地理信息系统”“健康地理学”“环境公共卫生追踪”“空间分布”“疾病制图”“地理相关性研究”“制图学”“大数据”和“疾病聚集”等检索词，检索截至2019年12月的文献。
本综述基于GIS在牙科公共卫生各方面应用的前景展开。研究分为以下几类：（1）用于疾病、高危人群和危险因素制图的GIS；（2）地理相关性研究中的GIS；（3）用于评估医疗可及性和医疗服务提供者空间分布的GIS。我们还确定了口腔流行病学中常用的GIS分析技术。
我们预计本综述将推动空间分析技术和GIS在牙科公共卫生研究中的应用取得进展。
