Takahashi M
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 2001 Dec;47(4):697-755.
The Japanese modern midwifery system was provided at the start by the "Medical regulation" in the 7th year of Meiji and was organized to national unity by the Imperial Ordinance "Midwifery Regulation" in the 32th year of Meiji (1899). During these twenty-five years, Hokkaido and each of the prefectures enacted their own "Midwifery Regulation" to conform with the "Midwifery Regulation," and they organized the original midwifery system. This study focuses on the Yamagata Prefecture and midwifery system in the Tohoku district, and considers the organizing process of the system. Because the Yamagata district continued the Edo Period custom of infanticide, the Yamagata prefectual administration maintained strict control of that custom. At the same time it repeatedly enacted and revised the "Mid-wifery Regulation" to adjust it to the conditions of farm and mountain villages. Finally, it established the original "Registered Midwife System" in the 22th year of Meiji. That organizing process was classified into four stages. The present study shows that the system was not contradictory to the Imperial Ordinance "Midwifery Regulation" enacted in the 32th year of Meiji, which was amended to the unified national midwife system.
日本现代助产士制度最初是依据明治七年的《医事规则》设立的，并在明治三十二年（1899年）通过《助产士规则》这一敕令实现了全国统一。在这二十五年间，北海道及各县都制定了各自的《助产士规则》以符合《助产士规则》，并构建了原本的助产士制度。本研究聚焦于山形县及东北地区的助产士制度，探讨该制度的构建过程。由于山形地区延续了江户时代的杀婴习俗，山形县行政当局对该习俗进行了严格管控。与此同时，它多次制定和修订《助产规则》以使其适应农村和山村的情况。最终，在明治二十二年建立了原本的“注册助产士制度”。该构建过程分为四个阶段。本研究表明，该制度与明治三十二年颁布的修订为全国统一助产士制度的敕令《助产士规则》并不矛盾。
