Zekarias Bereket, Ter Huurne Agnes A H M, Landman Wil J M, Rebel Johanna M J, Pol Jan M A, Gruys Erik
ID-Lelystad, Institute for Animal Science and Health, The Netherlands.
Vet Res. 2002 Mar-Apr;33(2):109-25. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2002001.
Genetic resistance to diseases is a multigenic trait governed mainly by the immune system and its interactions with many physiologic and environmental factors. In the adaptive immunity, T cell and B cell responses, the specific recognition of antigens and interactions between antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells are crucial. It occurs through a network of mediator proteins such as the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptors, immunoglobulins and secreted proteins such as the cytokines and antibodies. The diversity of these proteins that mainly is due to an intrinsic polymorphism of the genes causes phenotypic variation in disease resistance. The well-known linkage of MHC polymorphism and Marek's disease resistance difference represents a classic model revealing immunological factors in resistance differences and diversity of mediator molecules. The molecular bases in any resistance variation to infectious pathogens are vaguely understood. This paper presents a review of the major immune mediators involved in resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases and their functional mechanisms in the chicken. The genetic interaction of disease resistance with production traits and the environment is mentioned.
对疾病的遗传抗性是一种多基因性状，主要由免疫系统及其与许多生理和环境因素的相互作用所决定。在适应性免疫中，T细胞和B细胞反应、对抗原的特异性识别以及抗原呈递细胞、T细胞和B细胞之间的相互作用至关重要。它通过诸如主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）分子、T细胞受体、免疫球蛋白等介质蛋白网络以及诸如细胞因子和抗体等分泌蛋白来发生。这些主要由于基因内在多态性导致的蛋白质多样性引起了抗病性的表型变异。MHC多态性与马立克氏病抗性差异之间的著名连锁关系代表了一个经典模型，揭示了抗性差异和介质分子多样性中的免疫因素。对任何针对传染性病原体的抗性变异的分子基础了解甚少。本文综述了鸡体内参与对传染病抗性和易感性的主要免疫介质及其功能机制。还提到了抗病性与生产性状和环境的遗传相互作用。
