Fessler Daniel M T
Department of Anthropology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1553, USA.
Int J Eat Disord. 2002 May;31(4):376-88. doi: 10.1002/eat.10035.
To explain an apparently paradoxical pattern wherein sufferers of restrictive anorexia nervosa exhibit both rigorous self-restraint and episodic impulsivity.
The experimental, historical, and clinical literatures were examined for evidence of psychological and behavioral changes accompanying severe dietary constriction; such changes were noted and compared with those reported to occur in anorexics.
Increased impulsivity in association with dietary constriction is described in diverse literatures. A number of lines of evidence suggest that the serotonergic system mediates this change.
Many forms of impulsivity can be understood as having once constituted fitness-enhancing responses to resource scarcity. It is suggested that an evolved psychological mechanism calibrates the individual's sensitivity to risk in light of future prospects. Self-injurious behaviors are explicable as misfirings of such a mechanism. Similarly, excessive exercising by anorexics may reflect the misdirection of reward systems that normally encourage adaptive increases in ranging behavior under conditions of scarcity.
解释一种明显矛盾的模式，即神经性厌食症患者既表现出严格的自我约束，又有间歇性冲动行为。
查阅实验、历史和临床文献，寻找伴随严重饮食限制出现的心理和行为变化的证据；记录这些变化并与报道的厌食症患者的变化进行比较。
不同文献中均描述了与饮食限制相关的冲动性增加。多条证据表明，血清素能系统介导了这种变化。
许多形式的冲动行为可被理解为曾经是对资源稀缺的适应性增强反应。有人提出，一种进化而来的心理机制会根据未来前景校准个体对风险的敏感度。自我伤害行为可解释为这种机制的错误运作。同样，厌食症患者过度运动可能反映了奖励系统的错误导向，该系统通常在稀缺条件下鼓励适应性地增加活动范围行为。
