Silverman L H, Levinson P, Mendelsohn E, Ungaro R, Bronstein A A
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1975 Dec;161(6):379-92. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197512000-00002.
This study attempted to utilize the subliminal psychodynamic activation method as an aid in the treatment of hospitalized schizophrenics. More specifically, we inbestigated whether the subliminal activation of a fantasy of symbiotic gratification would produce an increment in the degree of improvement that schizophrenics manifested as a result of hospitalization. Forty male patients were seen individually for three weekly sessions over a 6-week period for a fantasy expression task carried out by a psychology graduate student. Both at the beginning and at the end of each session and whenever during the session anxiety was in evidence, the patient was exposed to subliminal stimulation. The patients were divided into two groups equated for intelligence, pathology level, and other pertinent variables. For one group, the tachistoscopically presented stimulus consisted of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE, a verbal message which, in several prior studies, produced a significant reduction in ego impairment within a laboratory session. The other group served as a control, and their stimulus was PEOPLE ARE WALKING. The subjects in each group were subdivided in order to investigate the effects of two other interventions in addition to the subliminal symbiotic stimulation. One of these was aggressive expression consisting of an attempt to elicit specifically aggressive fantasies in the fantasy expression task. The other was self-focuing, designed to strengthen self-boundaries. All patients were blindly assessed for seven measures of ego impairment before and after the intervention period and for the number of rehospitalizations over a 9-month follow-up period. Of the three types of interventions impairment measures. For on of the variables, the symbiotic group showed significantly more improvement than the control group, while for two others the results approached significance. In addition, on an overall measure of ego impairment, there was significantly mor improvement for the symbiotic group than for the control patients.
本研究试图运用阈下心理动力激活法辅助治疗住院精神分裂症患者。更具体地说，我们调查了阈下激活共生满足幻想是否会使精神分裂症患者因住院而表现出的改善程度有所增加。40名男性患者在6周内，由一名心理学研究生为他们分别进行为期3周、每周一次的幻想表达任务。在每次治疗开始和结束时，以及治疗过程中焦虑明显出现时，患者都会接受阈下刺激。患者被分为两组，在智力、病理水平和其他相关变量方面相当。对于一组患者，通过速示器呈现的刺激是“妈妈和我是一体的”，在之前的几项研究中，这条言语信息在实验室环节中能显著减轻自我损害。另一组作为对照组，他们的刺激是“人们在行走”。为了研究除阈下共生刺激之外的另外两种干预措施的效果，每组中的受试者又被细分。其中一种是攻击性表达，即在幻想表达任务中试图引出特定的攻击性幻想。另一种是自我聚焦，旨在强化自我边界。在干预期前后，对所有患者进行了7项自我损害指标的盲法评估，并在9个月的随访期内对再次住院的次数进行了统计。在三种干预措施中，对于其中一个变量，共生组的改善明显多于对照组，而对于另外两个变量，结果接近显著水平。此外，在自我损害的总体指标上，共生组的改善明显多于对照患者。
