Furnham Adrian, Reeves Emma, Budhani Salima
Department of Psychology, University College London.
J Genet Psychol. 2002 Mar;163(1):24-39. doi: 10.1080/00221320209597966.
In this study, 156 participants, predominantly White British adults (M age = 44.3 years) rated themselves on overall IQ and on H. Gardner's (1983) 7 intelligence subtypes. Parents (n = 120) also estimated the intelligence of their children. Men's self-estimates were significantly higher than women's (110.15 vs. 104.84). Participants thought their verbal, mathematical, and spatial intelligence scores were the best indicators of their own overall intelligence. Parents estimated that their sons had significantly higher IQs than their daughters (115.21 vs. 107.49). Self-estimates and estimates of children's multiple intelligences were higher for men and sons, significantly so for logical-mathematical and spatial intelligence. Parents rated 2nd-born daughters as having significantly higher verbal and musical intelligence than their male counterparts. Higher parental IQ self-estimates corresponded with higher IQ estimates for children. Results for 1st-born children were clearest and showed the most significant differences. The findings are interpreted in terms of sociocultural and familial influences and the possibility of actual sex differences in particular abilities.
在本研究中，156名参与者（主要是英国白人成年人，平均年龄 = 44.3岁）对自己的整体智商以及霍华德·加德纳（1983年）提出的7种智力亚型进行了评分。家长们（n = 120）也对自己孩子的智力进行了评估。男性的自我评估显著高于女性（110.15对104.84）。参与者认为他们的语言、数学和空间智力得分是自身整体智力的最佳指标。家长们估计他们儿子的智商显著高于女儿（115.21对107.49）。男性和儿子对自身及孩子多元智力的评估更高，在逻辑数学和空间智力方面尤为显著。家长们认为排行第二的女儿在语言和音乐智力方面显著高于同龄男性。家长自身较高的智商自我评估与对孩子较高的智商评估相对应。头胎孩子的结果最为清晰，差异也最为显著。研究结果从社会文化和家庭影响以及特定能力实际存在性别差异的可能性等方面进行了解释。
