Finney Bruce P, Gregory-Eaves Irene, Douglas Marianne S V, Smol John P
Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7220, USA.
Nature. 2002 Apr 18;416(6882):729-33. doi: 10.1038/416729a.
Historical catch records suggest that climatic variability has had basin-wide effects on the northern Pacific and its fish populations, such as salmon, sardines and anchovies. However, these records are too short to define the nature and frequency of patterns. We reconstructed approximately 2,200-year records of sockeye salmon abundance from sediment cores obtained from salmon nursery lakes on Kodiak island, Alaska. Large shifts in abundance, which far exceed the decadal-scale variability recorded during the past 300 years, occurred over the past two millennia. A marked, multi-centennial decline in Alaskan sockeye salmon was apparent from approximately 100 BC to AD 800, but salmon were consistently more abundant from AD 1200 to 1900. Over the past two millennia, the abundances of Pacific sardine and Northern anchovy off the California coast, and of Alaskan salmon, show several synchronous patterns of variability. But sardines and anchovies vary out of phase with Alaskan salmon over low frequency, which differs from the pattern detected in historical records. The coherent patterns observed across large regions demonstrate the strong role of climatic forcing in regulating northeastern Pacific fish stocks.
历史捕捞记录表明，气候变率对北太平洋及其鱼类种群，如鲑鱼、沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼，产生了全流域范围的影响。然而，这些记录时间太短，无法确定模式的性质和频率。我们从阿拉斯加科迪亚克岛鲑鱼育苗湖获取的沉积物岩芯中重建了约2200年的红大马哈鱼丰度记录。在过去两千年里，丰度出现了大幅变化，远远超过了过去300年记录的年代际尺度变率。从大约公元前100年到公元800年，阿拉斯加红大马哈鱼明显出现了显著的、持续数百年的下降，但从公元1200年到1900年，鲑鱼数量一直较为丰富。在过去两千年里，加利福尼亚海岸外的太平洋沙丁鱼和北凤尾鱼以及阿拉斯加鲑鱼的丰度呈现出几种同步的变率模式。但在低频情况下，沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼与阿拉斯加鲑鱼的变化不同步，这与历史记录中检测到的模式不同。在大区域观察到的一致模式表明，气候强迫在调节东北太平洋鱼类种群方面发挥着重要作用。
