Schüklenk Udo, Ashcroft Richard E
University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
J Med Philos. 2002 Apr;27(2):179-95. doi: 10.1076/jmep.27.2.179.2989.
Recent economic and political advances in developing countries on the African continent and South East Asia are threatened by the rising death and morbidity rates of HIV/AIDS. In the first part of this paper we explain the reasons for the absence of affordable access to essential AIDS medication. In the second part we take a closer look at some of the pivotal frameworks relevant for this situation and undertake an ethical analysis of these frameworks. In the third part we discuss a few of the proposed solutions to the problem and conclude with an argument in support of our preferred course of action. In this article we argue for compulsory licensing of essential AIDS medications in the current conditions of public health emergency. We argue on broadly consequentialist grounds that compulsory licensing is preferable both morally and pragmatically to the alternatives, notably the currently offered price cuts and drug donation schemes.
非洲大陆和东南亚发展中国家近期取得的经济和政治进步正受到艾滋病毒/艾滋病死亡率和发病率不断上升的威胁。在本文的第一部分，我们解释了无法以可承受的价格获取基本艾滋病药物的原因。在第二部分，我们更深入地研究了与这种情况相关的一些关键框架，并对这些框架进行了伦理分析。在第三部分，我们讨论了针对该问题提出的一些解决方案，并以支持我们首选行动方案的论点作为结论。在本文中，我们主张在当前公共卫生紧急状况下对基本艾滋病药物实行强制许可。我们基于广泛的后果主义理由认为，强制许可在道德和实际操作上都比其他选择更可取，特别是目前提供的降价和药品捐赠计划。
