Scharitzer M, Hörmann M, Puig S, Prokop M
Universitätsklinik für Radiodiagnostik, AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien/Osterreich.
Radiologe. 2002 Mar;42(3):146-52. doi: 10.1007/s00117-001-0703-0.
Paediatric emergencies demand a quick and efficient radiological investigation with special attention to specific adjustments related to patient age and radiation protection. Imaging modalities are improving rapidly and enable to diagnose childhood diseases and injuries more quickly, accurately and safely. This article provides an overview of imaging techniques adjusted to the age of the child and an overview of imaging strategies of common paediatric emergencies. Optimising the imaging parameters (digital radiography, different screen-film systems, exposure specifications) allows for substantial reduction of radiation dose. Spiral- and multislice-CT reduce scan time and enable a considerable reduction of radiation exposure if scanning parameters (pitch setting, tube current) are properly adjusted. MRI is still mainly used for neurological or spinal emergencies despite the advent of fast imaging sequences. The radiologist's task is to select an appropriate imaging strategy according to expected differential diagnosis and to adjust the imaging techniques to the individual patient.
儿科急症需要快速有效的放射学检查，尤其要特别关注与患者年龄及辐射防护相关的特定调整。成像方式正在迅速改进，能够更快、更准确且更安全地诊断儿童疾病和损伤。本文概述了根据儿童年龄调整的成像技术以及常见儿科急症的成像策略。优化成像参数（数字X线摄影、不同的增感屏-胶片系统、曝光规格）可大幅降低辐射剂量。如果扫描参数（螺距设置、管电流）调整得当，螺旋CT和多层CT可减少扫描时间并显著降低辐射暴露。尽管出现了快速成像序列，但磁共振成像（MRI）仍主要用于神经或脊柱急症。放射科医生的任务是根据预期的鉴别诊断选择合适的成像策略，并针对个体患者调整成像技术。
