Porock Davina
MU Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2002 Mar;11(1):33-43.
Radiation skin and oral mucosa reactions are common side-effects of head and neck radiation therapy caused by damage to normal tissue. This damage can be dose-limiting, meaning that the severity of acute reactions particularly in the oral mucosa may require time off treatment, potentially interfering with the effectiveness of radiation therapy in terms of tumour eradication. The purpose of this paper was to identify potential individual patient factors that may contribute to increasing severity of radiation skin and mucosal reactions. Sufficient literature and clinical observation is available to suggest that the variability in the degree of radiation reaction experienced by the patient is not due solely to the radiation received but that particular individual characteristics contribute to the expression of radiation damage in normal tissue. The identified factors fall into three broad categories: radiation therapy, genetic and personal factors. The research conducted on the predictive value of these factors is discussed. The inclusion of influencing factors in the assessment of people at risk for radiation skin and oral mucosa reactions has particular relevance for individualizing the prevention and management of radiation reactions.
放射性皮肤和口腔黏膜反应是头颈部放射治疗常见的副作用，是由正常组织受损引起的。这种损伤可能会限制剂量，也就是说，急性反应的严重程度，尤其是口腔黏膜的急性反应，可能需要暂停治疗，这可能会影响放射治疗在根除肿瘤方面的效果。本文的目的是确定可能导致放射性皮肤和黏膜反应严重程度增加的潜在个体患者因素。现有足够的文献和临床观察表明，患者所经历的放射反应程度的差异并非仅由所接受的辐射引起，特定的个体特征也会导致正常组织中放射损伤的表现。所确定的因素可分为三大类：放射治疗、遗传和个人因素。本文讨论了对这些因素预测价值的研究。将影响因素纳入放射性皮肤和口腔黏膜反应风险人群的评估中，对于实现放射反应预防和管理的个体化具有特殊意义。
