Estimating the Lyapunov spectrum of time delay feedback systems from scalar time series.

On the basis of a recently developed method for modeling time delay systems, we propose a procedure to estimate the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents from a scalar time series. It turns out that the spectrum is approximated very well and allows for good estimates of the Lyapunov dimension even if the sampling rate of the time series is so low that the infinite dimensional tangent space is spanned quite sparsely.