Decker Paul, Cohen Beverly, Butala John H, Gordon Terry
Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Suffern, NY, USA.
AIHA J (Fairfax, Va). 2002 Mar-Apr;63(2):166-71. doi: 10.1080/15428110208984700.
Chemical pesticide treatment enables relatively nonresistant woods to be used in outdoor construction projects. The most prevalent procedure used to protect these woods is pressure treatment with chromium, copper, and arsenic (CCA). This pilot study examined the airborne concentration and particle size distribution of wood particles, chromium, copper, and arsenic at both outdoor (measured over the whole work day) and indoor (measured during the performance of specific tasks) work sites. At the outdoor residential deck construction sites, the arithmetic mean total dust concentration, measured using personal filter cassette samplers, was 0.57 mg/m3. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (da) of the outdoor wood dust was greater than 20 microm. Indoor wood dust concentrations were significantly greater than those measured outdoor and were job category-dependent. The highest mean breathing zone dust concentration, 49.0 mg/m3, was measured at the indoor sanding operation. Personal impactor sampling demonstrated that the mean total airborne concentration of arsenic, but not chromium or copper, was consistently above recommended occupational exposure levels at the indoor work site, and occasionally at the outdoor work sites. At the indoor sanding operation, the mean total chromium, copper, and arsenic concentrations were 345, 170, and 342 microg/m3, respectively. Thus, significant exposure to airborne heavy metals can occur as a result of indoor and outdoor exposure to CCA pressure-treated wood dust. Therefore, current standards for wood dust may not adequately protect workers from the heavy metals commonly used in CCA pressure-treated wood.
化学农药处理使相对不耐腐的木材能够用于户外建筑项目。保护这些木材最常用的方法是用铬、铜和砷（CCA）进行压力处理。这项初步研究检测了户外（在整个工作日期间测量）和室内（在执行特定任务期间测量）工作场所木材颗粒、铬、铜和砷的空气传播浓度及粒径分布。在户外住宅甲板施工现场，使用个人滤盒采样器测量的算术平均总粉尘浓度为0.57毫克/立方米。户外木粉尘的质量中位空气动力学直径（da）大于20微米。室内木粉尘浓度显著高于室外测量值，且与工作类别有关。在室内砂光作业中测得的最高平均呼吸带粉尘浓度为49.0毫克/立方米。个人撞击器采样表明，室内工作场所砷的平均空气传播总浓度始终高于推荐的职业接触水平，铬和铜则不然，在户外工作场所偶尔也会高于推荐水平。在室内砂光作业中，铬、铜和砷的平均总浓度分别为345、170和342微克/立方米。因此，室内和室外接触经CCA压力处理的木粉尘可能导致大量接触空气传播的重金属。所以，目前的木粉尘标准可能无法充分保护工人免受CCA压力处理木材中常用重金属的危害。
