Górny R L, Jedrzejczak A, Pastuszka J S
Zakładu Higieny Mieszkań Instytutu Medycyny Pracy i Zdrowia Srodowiskowego w Sosonowcu.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1995;46(2):151-61.
This work contains the results of the aerosol mass size distribution and preliminary studies on concentrations and size distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Cd) in indoor and outdoor environment in Upper Silesia (the highly industrialized region in the southern part of Poland). In studies, the measurements of aerosol concentration, mass size distribution, and evaluation of heavy metals concentration were made from December 1992 to April 1994 in some apartments in five towns in Upper Silesia and in one village in the Beskidy Mountains in both indoor and outdoor environments. The particles were fractionated in Andersen cascade impactor. The sampling time was 6-7 days and 4-5 days for indoor and outdoor respectively. Aerosol particulates were collected on A-type glass fiber collection substrate used later for determination of heavy concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS 3, Carl Zeiss Jena). The dust was mineralized by the means of the mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids. The results of mass size distribution as well as the measurements of TSP for indoor and outdoor aerosol show that the main source of particulate matter indoors, in this region, are heavy polluted outdoor air and cigarette smoking. It can be said that, except homes in Knurów and Sosnowiec with hard smokers, the indoor levels of particulate pollution were significant lower than the outdoors levels. Whenever in the indoor environment appear additional source of particulate emission situation can changed. When we compare mass size distribution for outdoor aerosol and indoor aerosol contaminated by tobacco smoke, we can observed considerable increase of indoor aerosol level in the 0.33-0.54 microns size range. Besides, indoor aerosol status may be changed by coal stove emission (displacement of maximum peak to direction of coarse particles). The observed differences in concentration of particulate matter may also indicate the important differences in chemical and physical nature of particles caused by the air filtration and absorption during migration of ambient air into the indoor environment. On the base of comparison of the heavy metals concentrations of fine and coarse fraction and their indoor/outdoor ratio in five selected towns in Upper Silesia it can be said that the level of heavy metals in indoor aerosol is lower than in outdoor (except Pb and Cd) what suggest that migration of ambient air into the homes is a major process which give indoor air contamination of heavy metals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
这项工作包含了上西里西亚（波兰南部高度工业化地区）室内和室外环境中气溶胶质量粒径分布以及重金属（铅、锌、铜、锰、铁和镉）浓度与粒径分布的初步研究结果。在研究中，于1992年12月至1994年4月期间，对上西里西亚五个城镇的一些公寓以及贝斯基德山区的一个村庄的室内和室外环境进行了气溶胶浓度、质量粒径分布测量以及重金属浓度评估。颗粒物在安德森级联撞击器中分级。室内采样时间为6 - 7天，室外为4 - 5天。气溶胶颗粒收集在A型玻璃纤维收集基质上，随后用于通过原子吸收分光光度法（卡尔蔡司耶拿公司的AAS 3）测定重金属浓度。灰尘通过氢氟酸和硝酸的混合物进行矿化。室内和室外气溶胶的质量粒径分布结果以及总悬浮颗粒物的测量表明，该地区室内颗粒物的主要来源是重度污染的室外空气和吸烟。可以说，除了克努罗夫和索斯诺维茨有大量吸烟者的家庭外，室内颗粒物污染水平显著低于室外水平。每当室内环境出现额外的颗粒物排放源时，情况就会改变。当我们比较室外气溶胶和受烟草烟雾污染的室内气溶胶的质量粒径分布时，可以观察到在0.33 - 0.54微米粒径范围内室内气溶胶水平有相当大程度的增加。此外，室内气溶胶状况可能会因煤炉排放而改变（最大峰值向粗颗粒方向移动）。观察到的颗粒物浓度差异也可能表明，在环境空气进入室内环境的迁移过程中，由于空气过滤和吸收导致颗粒的化学和物理性质存在重要差异。基于对上西里西亚五个选定城镇细颗粒和粗颗粒中重金属浓度及其室内/室外比值的比较，可以说室内气溶胶中的重金属水平低于室外（铅和镉除外），这表明环境空气进入家庭是导致室内重金属空气污染的主要过程。（摘要截选至400字）
