Lacroix M C, Guibourdenche J, Frendo J L, Muller F, Evain-Brion D
INSERM U427, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Placenta. 2002 Apr;23 Suppl A:S87-94. doi: 10.1053/plac.2002.0811.
Placental growth hormone (PGH) is the product of the GH-V gene, predominantly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the human placenta. PGH differs from pituitary growth hormone by 13 amino acids and possesses one glycosylation site. It has high somatogenic and low lactogenic activities. In the maternal circulation from 12-20 weeks up to term, PGH gradually replaces pituitary growth hormone, which becomes undetectable. PGH is secreted by the placenta in a non-pulsatile manner. This continuous secretion appears to have important implications for physiological adjustment to gestation and especially in the control of maternal IGF1 levels. PGH secretion is regulated in vitro and in vivo by glucose. Lower maternal levels of PGH are observed in pregnancies with fetal growth retardation. PGH is one example of a trophoblast hormone, which allows maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy. In addition, our recent data on its expression in invasive extravillous trophoblasts suggest that the physiological role of PGH might also include a direct influence of this hormone on placental development via an autocrine or paracrine mechanism.
胎盘生长激素（PGH）是GH-V基因的产物，主要在人胎盘的合体滋养层中表达。PGH与垂体生长激素有13个氨基酸的差异，且有一个糖基化位点。它具有高促生长活性和低催乳活性。在孕12至20周直至足月的母体循环中，PGH逐渐取代垂体生长激素，后者变得无法检测到。PGH由胎盘以非脉冲方式分泌。这种持续分泌似乎对孕期的生理调节具有重要意义，尤其是在控制母体IGF1水平方面。PGH的分泌在体外和体内均受葡萄糖调节。在胎儿生长受限的妊娠中观察到母体PGH水平较低。PGH是滋养层激素的一个例子，它使母体代谢适应妊娠。此外，我们最近关于其在侵袭性绒毛外滋养层中表达的数据表明，PGH的生理作用可能还包括该激素通过自分泌或旁分泌机制对胎盘发育产生直接影响。
