Picciotto Marina R, Corrigall William A
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, USA.
J Neurosci. 2002 May 1;22(9):3338-41. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03338.2002.
Nicotine addiction is a complex behavioral phenomenon comprising effects on several neural systems. Recent studies have expanded initial observations that the actions of nicotine on dopaminergic systems increase dopaminergic activity and release, leading to nicotine-induced reinforcement. Indeed, the actions of nicotine on many systems, including brainstem cholinergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic nuclei, may help to mediate nicotine effects related to addiction. Furthermore, studies of mice lacking nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits or expressing supersensitive forms of these subunits have begun to tie together the molecular, neurochemical, and behavioral effects of nicotine. The use of multiple techniques by many laboratories provides optimism that the field is advancing toward elucidating the basic mechanisms of nicotine dependence.
尼古丁成瘾是一种复杂的行为现象，涉及对多个神经系统的影响。近期研究拓展了最初的观察结果，即尼古丁对多巴胺能系统的作用会增加多巴胺能活性和释放，从而导致尼古丁诱导的强化作用。事实上，尼古丁对许多系统的作用，包括脑干胆碱能、γ-氨基丁酸能、去甲肾上腺素能和5-羟色胺能核团，可能有助于介导与成瘾相关的尼古丁效应。此外，对缺乏烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体亚基或表达这些亚基超敏形式的小鼠的研究，已开始将尼古丁的分子、神经化学和行为效应联系起来。许多实验室使用多种技术，这让人们对该领域朝着阐明尼古丁依赖的基本机制迈进充满信心。
