Robert Jean-Jacques
Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
Horm Res. 2002;57 Suppl 1:81-4. doi: 10.1159/000053321.
Continuous blood glucose monitoring aims to: better evaluate glycaemic variations; better detect hypoglycaemia; and, ultimately, automatize insulin delivery (artificial beta cell). The sensors can be fully implantable, with the challenge of constructing durable systems to avoid repeated implantations. In-dwelling needle-like electrodes and microdialysis fibres with a pump that brings the dialysate to the glucose sensor are inserted in the subcutaneous tissue through the skin. The GlucoWatch is an almost non-invasive technique that extracts the extracellular fluid by iontophoresis. In these systems, the glucose oxidase generates the electrical signal, proportional to the glucose concentration. Non-invasive techniques aim at measuring the glucose concentration without breaching the skin, using absorption of light in the infrared spectrum. These techniques have not reached the necessary reliability for use as glycaemic alarms, and even less as artificial beta cells. Currently, glucose sensors are mainly used as glycaemic holters to help in the management of insulin therapy.
更好地评估血糖变化；更好地检测低血糖；并最终实现胰岛素输注自动化（人工β细胞）。传感器可以完全植入，面临的挑战是构建耐用系统以避免重复植入。通过皮肤将带有泵的留置针状电极和微透析纤维插入皮下组织，泵将透析液输送到葡萄糖传感器。GlucoWatch是一种几乎无创的技术，通过离子电渗法提取细胞外液。在这些系统中，葡萄糖氧化酶产生与葡萄糖浓度成正比的电信号。无创技术旨在利用红外光谱中的光吸收来测量葡萄糖浓度而不穿透皮肤。这些技术尚未达到用作血糖警报所需的可靠性，更无法用作人工β细胞。目前，葡萄糖传感器主要用作血糖动态监测仪，以辅助胰岛素治疗的管理。
