Kasum Christine M, Jacobs David R, Nicodemus Kristin, Folsom Aaron R
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
Int J Cancer. 2002 May 10;99(2):267-72. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10341.
We examined the association between whole-grain intake and incident upper aerodigestive tract cancer in a cohort of 34,651 postmenopausal, initially cancer-free women. We also studied established risk factors for upper aerodigestive cancers, including fruit and vegetable intake, smoking and alcohol intake. A mailed questionnaire at baseline in 1986 included a food-frequency questionnaire and assessment of other cancer risk factors. During the 14-year follow-up period, 169 women developed cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. For all upper aerodigestive cancers together, significant inverse associations were observed for the highest compared to the lowest tertile of whole grains [relative risk (RR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.81] and yellow/orange vegetables (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.87). In addition, those in the highest compared to lowest tertile of fiber intake from whole grain were less likely to develop upper aerodigestive tract cancer (RR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.84); fiber intake from refined grain was not significantly associated with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Findings were generally similar for oropharyngeal (n = 53), laryngeal (n = 21), nasopharyngeal/salivary (n = 18), esophageal (n = 21) and gastric (n = 56) cancers, though numbers of cases were too small for statistical testing within individual cancers. These findings confirm previous observations that high intake of fruits and vegetables and that intake of whole grains and the fiber derived from them may reduce risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
我们在一个包含34,651名绝经后、初始无癌症的女性队列中，研究了全谷物摄入量与上消化道癌症发病之间的关联。我们还研究了上消化道癌症已确定的风险因素，包括水果和蔬菜摄入量、吸烟和饮酒情况。1986年基线时邮寄的调查问卷包括一份食物频率问卷以及对其他癌症风险因素的评估。在14年的随访期内，有169名女性患上了上消化道癌症。对于所有上消化道癌症而言，与全谷物摄入量最低三分位数相比，最高三分位数呈现出显著的负相关[相对风险(RR)=0.53，95%置信区间(CI)0.34 - 0.81]，与黄色/橙色蔬菜摄入量也呈现出显著负相关(RR = 0.58，95%CI 0.39 - 0.87)。此外，与全谷物纤维摄入量最低三分位数相比，最高三分位数的人群患上下消化道癌症的可能性更小(RR = 0.56，95%CI 0.37 - 0.84)；精制谷物的纤维摄入量与上消化道癌症没有显著关联。口咽癌(n = 53)、喉癌(n = 21)、鼻咽癌/唾液腺癌(n = 18)、食管癌(n = 21)和胃癌(n = 56)的研究结果总体相似，不过由于个别癌症的病例数太少，无法进行统计学检验。这些发现证实了之前的观察结果，即高摄入水果和蔬菜以及全谷物及其衍生的纤维摄入量可能会降低上消化道癌症的风险。
