Malhi P
Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2001 Sep;68 Suppl 4:S48-52.
Asthma is one of the most common chronic childhood illness. Studies have reported higher incidence of psychosocial adaptation problems in children with asthma, particularly severe asthma, than children in the general population. Increased psychosocial problems in children with asthma have been ascribed to adverse developmental impact of having a chronic health problems, increased demands on the family and dysfunctional familial interactional patterns. Treatment models include education and self management training programs, family therapy, relaxation therapy and biofeedback. These programs have been found to produce improved adjustment, increased medication compliance and greater perceived self competence in managing symptoms and decreased use of medical services. It is concluded that children with asthma require a comprehensive management strategy that pays attention not only to physiological control of asthma symptoms but also emotional and behavioural problems of children and their families.
哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性疾病之一。研究报告称，与普通儿童相比，患有哮喘（尤其是重度哮喘）的儿童出现心理社会适应问题的发生率更高。哮喘儿童心理社会问题增加被归因于患有慢性健康问题带来的不良发育影响、对家庭的需求增加以及功能失调的家庭互动模式。治疗模式包括教育和自我管理培训项目、家庭治疗、放松治疗和生物反馈。这些项目已被发现能改善适应情况、提高药物治疗依从性、增强对管理症状的自我效能感，并减少医疗服务的使用。结论是，哮喘儿童需要一种综合管理策略，不仅要关注哮喘症状的生理控制，还要关注儿童及其家庭的情绪和行为问题。
