Eyler Amy E, Wilcox Sara, Matson-Koffman Dyann, Evenson Kelly R, Sanderson Bonnie, Thompson Janice, Wilbur JoEllen, Rohm-Young Deborah
School of Public Health, Prevention Research Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Apr;11(3):239-53. doi: 10.1089/152460902753668448.
Women have lower rates of participation in leisure time physical activity than men and have been studied to a lesser extent than men. Because physical activity plays a vital role in overall health, it is important to identify factors than can help increase physical activity rates for women.
Defining and understanding correlates of physical activity is critical for at-risk populations and for planning effective interventions. This paper reviews research conducted in the past two decades on correlates of physical activity in women. An ecological model with an added physical environment component was used to organize the correlates. Studies conducted among adult white, black, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic women are included. A total of 91 studies were reviewed. Many studies included white women, fewer studies included black and Hispanic women, and even fewer included American Indian women, and only 3 studies included Asian women.
The correlates most studied are sociodemographic variables, with nonwhite race, lower educational levels, and older age most consistently associated with lower levels of physical activity. Few studies focused on environmental and policy correlates. Social support was an overwhelmingly positive determinant of physical activity for all groups of women.
Based on these findings, we recommend that future research include more diverse groups of women and evaluate modifiable factors, such as psychological, interpersonal, and environmental correlates. Future research also should include more intervention and longitudinal studies.
女性参与休闲时间体育活动的比例低于男性，且对其研究程度也低于男性。由于体育活动对整体健康起着至关重要的作用，因此识别有助于提高女性体育活动率的因素非常重要。
定义和理解体育活动的相关因素对于高危人群以及规划有效的干预措施至关重要。本文回顾了过去二十年中关于女性体育活动相关因素的研究。采用了一个增加了物理环境成分的生态模型来组织这些相关因素。纳入了在成年白人、黑人印第安人、亚洲人和西班牙裔女性中进行的研究。总共回顾了91项研究。许多研究纳入了白人女性，较少的研究纳入了黑人和西班牙裔女性，更少的研究纳入了美国印第安女性，只有3项研究纳入了亚洲女性。
研究最多的相关因素是社会人口统计学变量，非白人种族、较低的教育水平和较高的年龄与较低的体育活动水平最一致相关。很少有研究关注环境和政策相关因素。社会支持对所有女性群体来说都是体育活动的一个压倒性的积极决定因素。
基于这些发现，我们建议未来的研究纳入更多样化的女性群体，并评估可改变的因素，如心理、人际和环境相关因素。未来的研究还应包括更多的干预和纵向研究。
