Zhang Ruihong, Li Xiujin, Fadel J G
Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA.
Bioresour Technol. 2002 May;82(3):277-84. doi: 10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00188-2.
Cultivation of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, on rice and wheat straw without nutrient supplementation was investigated. The effects of straw size reduction method and particle size, spawn inoculation level, and type of substrate (rice straw versus wheat straw) on mushroom yield, biological efficiency, bioconversion efficiency, and substrate degradation were determined. Two size reduction methods, grinding and chopping, were compared. The ground straw yielded higher mushroom growth rate and yield than the chopped straw. The growth cycles of mushrooms with the ground substrate were five days shorter than with the chopped straw for a similar particle size. However, it was found that when the straw was ground into particles that were too small, the mushroom yield decreased. With the three spawn levels tested (12%, 16% and 18%), the 12% level resulted in significantly lower mushroom yield than the other two levels. Comparing rice straw with wheat straw, rice straw yielded about 10% more mushrooms than wheat straw under the same cultivation conditions. The dry matter loss of the substrate after mushroom growth varied from 30.1% to 44.3%. The straw fiber remaining after fungal utilization was not as degradable as the original straw fiber, indicating that the fungal fermentation did not improve the feed value of the straw.
研究了在不添加营养物质的情况下，利用稻草和麦秸栽培平菇（Pleurotus sajor-caju）。测定了秸秆粉碎方法和粒径、菌种接种水平以及底物类型（稻草与麦秸）对蘑菇产量、生物学效率、生物转化效率和底物降解的影响。比较了两种粉碎方法，即研磨和切碎。研磨后的秸秆比切碎的秸秆蘑菇生长速度更快、产量更高。对于相似粒径的底物，研磨后的底物上蘑菇的生长周期比切碎的秸秆短5天。然而，发现当秸秆研磨成过小的颗粒时，蘑菇产量会下降。在测试的三个菌种接种水平（12%、16%和18%）中，12%的水平导致蘑菇产量显著低于其他两个水平。在相同栽培条件下，比较稻草和麦秸，稻草的蘑菇产量比麦秸高约10%。蘑菇生长后底物的干物质损失在30.1%至44.3%之间。真菌利用后剩余的秸秆纤维不如原始秸秆纤维易降解，这表明真菌发酵并未提高秸秆的饲料价值。
