Wang Qian, Juan Jiaxiang, Xiao Tingting, Zhang Jinjing, Chen Hui, Song Xiaoxia, Chen Mingjie, Huang Jianchun
National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 May;105(9):3811-3823. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11284-0. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus with compost made from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and reed (Phragmites australis Trin.) straw was investigated. Straw degradation was analyzed at the microscopic level, and the corresponding changes in the breakdown of different lignocellulose components during different phases of composting and mushroom production helped in understanding the yield-limiting factors of using different straws to grow mushrooms. The wheat straw compost resulted in the highest mushroom production and had the highest bioconversion efficiency. The rice straw was limited by the softer texture, which resulted in low-porosity and overdecomposed compost in the composting process and decreased the amount of available lignocellulose during mycelial growth. Although reed straw had the largest carbon resources, its utilization rate was the lowest. The hard structure, low water holding capacity, and high porosity increased the recalcitrance of reed straw to degradation and prolonged the composting time, which resulted in large N and C losses and an increased C/N ratio. Moreover, reed straw failed to transform into "ready-to-consume C" in composting. Therefore, a high C/N ratio and deficiency of available nutrition decreased the utilization efficiency of the lignocellulosic components by A. bisporus during mycelial colonization and mushroom production. The investigation revealed that degradability by and availability to microbiota and A. bisporus seemed to be the overriding factors for optimizing the composting process with different straw types. KEY POINTS: • The physical structure of compost has a significant influence on the composting process. • Degradability and availability are key factors in compost quality evaluation. • Lignocellulose utilization efficiency positively correlated with mushroom yield.
研究了利用小麦（普通小麦）、水稻（亚洲栽培稻）和芦苇（芦苇）秸秆制成的堆肥栽培双孢蘑菇。在微观层面分析了秸秆降解情况，堆肥和蘑菇生产不同阶段不同木质纤维素成分分解的相应变化有助于了解使用不同秸秆种植蘑菇的产量限制因素。小麦秸秆堆肥的蘑菇产量最高，生物转化效率也最高。水稻秸秆受质地较软的限制，导致堆肥过程中孔隙率低且过度分解，菌丝生长期间可利用的木质纤维素量减少。尽管芦苇秸秆的碳资源最丰富，但其利用率最低。其坚硬的结构、低持水能力和高孔隙率增加了芦苇秸秆降解的顽固性，延长了堆肥时间，导致大量氮和碳损失以及碳氮比增加。此外，芦苇秸秆在堆肥过程中未能转化为“可直接利用的碳”。因此，高碳氮比和有效养分不足降低了双孢蘑菇在菌丝定殖和蘑菇生产期间对木质纤维素成分的利用效率。调查表明，微生物群和双孢蘑菇对不同秸秆类型的降解能力和可利用性似乎是优化堆肥过程的首要因素。要点：• 堆肥的物理结构对堆肥过程有重大影响。• 降解能力和可利用性是堆肥质量评价的关键因素。• 木质纤维素利用效率与蘑菇产量呈正相关。
