Hovis Jeffery K, Leat Susan J, Heffernan Sonja, Epp Karen
School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Optom Vis Sci. 2002 Apr;79(4):241-53. doi: 10.1097/00006324-200204000-00011.
Most color vision tests require a high level of cognitive ability and as such are problematic for preschool children and multiply challenged individuals. Our goal was to design a color vision test for these groups and evaluate the clinical utility for preschool children.
The University of Waterloo Colored Dot Test (UWCDot) for Color Vision Testing requires the subject to distinguish a colored disc from seven gray discs. The target disc was a Munsell color along the deutan, protan, or tritan confusion line with gray. The first phase estimated the sensitivity and specificity of the test for adults. Thirty-one adults with normal color vision and 21 adults with congenital red-green defects participated. In the second phase, the utility of the UWCDot test for screening preschool children was determined. Subjects were 281 males and 269 females aged 2.5 to 5 years with normal vision. Their color vision was also assessed with the Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates, Part 1 (SPP1).
The sensitivity and specificity of UWCDot for adults approached the values for the desaturated D-15 when subjective responses were scored. Monitoring fixational eye movements produced sensitivity and specificity values that were similar to the anomaloscope. After adjusting the scoring criterion for the preschool children by using the females as a control, 2.9% of the males were identified as red-green deficient, 1.8% were blue-yellow deficient, and 3.2% had an unclassified deficiency. By definition, 1% of the females failed the test. Counting fixational eye movements was not a useful scoring method in the preschool children. Comparisons with SPP1 indicated that the UWCDot uncovers approximately 35% of the individuals with definite red-green color vision defects.
Our results indicate that the UWCDot is capable of detecting approximately 35% of the preschool children who have a congenital red-green color vision defect. These individuals are likely to have a more severe deficiency.
大多数色觉测试需要较高的认知能力，因此对于学龄前儿童和多重残疾个体来说存在问题。我们的目标是为这些群体设计一种色觉测试，并评估其对学龄前儿童的临床实用性。
滑铁卢大学色觉测试彩色点测试（UWCDot）要求受试者从七个灰色圆盘当中辨别出一个彩色圆盘。目标圆盘是沿着绿色盲、红色盲或蓝色盲混淆线的孟塞尔颜色与灰色混合而成。第一阶段评估该测试对成年人的敏感性和特异性。31名色觉正常的成年人和21名患有先天性红绿色觉缺陷的成年人参与测试。在第二阶段，确定UWCDot测试用于筛查学龄前儿童的实用性。受试者为281名男性和269名女性，年龄在2.5至5岁之间，视力正常。他们的色觉也通过标准假同色图第一部分（SPP1）进行评估。
当对主观反应进行评分时，UWCDot对成年人的敏感性和特异性接近不饱和D-15的数值。监测注视眼动得出的敏感性和特异性值与色盲检查镜相似。以女性作为对照调整学龄前儿童的评分标准后，2.9%的男性被判定为红绿色觉缺陷，1.8%为蓝黄色觉缺陷，3.2%存在未分类的色觉缺陷。根据定义，1%的女性测试未通过。在学龄前儿童中，计数注视眼动不是一种有效的评分方法。与SPP1的比较表明，UWCDot能发现约35%明确患有红绿色觉缺陷的个体。
我们的结果表明，UWCDot能够检测出约35%患有先天性红绿色觉缺陷的学龄前儿童。这些个体可能存在更严重的色觉缺陷。
