Cole Barry L, Lian Ka-Yee, Lakkis Carol
Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
Clin Exp Optom. 2006 Mar;89(2):73-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00015.x.
The Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) pseudoisochromatic test for colour vision is highly regarded but has long been out of print. Richmond Products produced a new edition in 2002 that has been re-engineered to rectify shortcomings of the original test. This study is a validation trial of the new test using a larger sample and different criteria of evaluation from those of the previously reported validation study.
The Richmond HRR test was given to 100 consecutively presenting patients with abnormal colour vision and 50 patients with normal colour vision. Colour vision was diagnosed using the Ishihara test, the Farnsworth D15 test, the Medmont C-100 test and the Type 1 Nagel anomaloscope.
The Richmond HRR test has a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.975 when the criterion for failing is two or more errors with the screening plates. Sensitivity and specificity become 0.98 and 1.0, respectively, when the fail criterion is three or more errors. Those with red-green colour vision deficiency were correctly classified as protan or deutan on 86 per cent of occasions, with 11 per cent unclassified and three per cent incorrectly classified. All those graded as having a 'mild' defect by the Richmond HRR test passed the Farnsworth D15 test and had an anomaloscope range of 30 or less. Not all dichromats were classified as 'strong', which was one of the goals of the re-engineering and those graded as 'medium' and 'strong' included dichromats and those who have a mild colour vision deficiency based on the results of the Farnsworth D15 test and the anomaloscope range.
The test is as good as the Ishihara test for detection of the red-green colour vision deficiencies but unlike the Ishihara, also has plates for the detection of the tritan defects. Its classification of protans and deutans is useful but the Medmont C-100 test is better. Those graded as 'mild' by the Richmond HRR test can be regarded as having a mild colour vision defect but a 'medium' or 'strong' grading needs to be interpreted in conjunction with other tests such as the Farnsworth D15 and the anomaloscope. The Richmond HRR test could be the test of choice for clinicians who wish to use a single test for colour vision.
用于检测色觉的哈代 - 兰德 - 里特勒（HRR）假同色图测试备受推崇，但早已绝版。里士满产品公司于2002年推出了新版本，该版本经过重新设计以纠正原始测试的缺点。本研究是一项针对新测试的验证试验，使用了更大的样本以及与先前报道的验证研究不同的评估标准。
对100例连续就诊的色觉异常患者和50例色觉正常患者进行里士满HRR测试。使用石原氏测试、法恩斯沃思D15测试、Medmont C - 100测试和1型纳格尔色盲镜诊断色觉。
当筛查图板错误数为两个或更多作为判断失败的标准时，里士满HRR测试的灵敏度为1.00，特异度为0.975。当失败标准为三个或更多错误时，灵敏度和特异度分别变为0.98和1.0。红绿色觉缺陷者在86%的情况下被正确分类为红色盲或绿色盲，11%未分类，3%分类错误。所有被里士满HRR测试评为“轻度”缺陷的人通过了法恩斯沃思D15测试，且色盲镜范围为30或更小。并非所有二色视者都被归类为“重度”，这是重新设计的目标之一，那些被评为“中度”和“重度”的包括二色视者以及根据法恩斯沃思D15测试结果和色盲镜范围有轻度色觉缺陷的人。
该测试在检测红绿色觉缺陷方面与石原氏测试一样好，但与石原氏测试不同的是，它也有用于检测蓝色盲缺陷的图板。它对红色盲和绿色盲的分类是有用的，但Medmont C - 100测试更好。被里士满HRR测试评为“轻度”的人可被视为有色觉轻度缺陷，但“中度”或“重度”分级需要结合其他测试，如法恩斯沃思D15测试和色盲镜来解释。对于希望使用单一测试检测色觉的临床医生来说，里士满HRR测试可能是首选测试。
