Nigst H, Buck-Gramcko D
Handchirurgie. 1975;7(2):81-90.
The rare occurrence and the difficulties in diagnosis make partial and total luxations of the scaphoid to a problematic chapter in hand surgery. The main part in diagnosis lies in the correct interpretation of the X-ray pictures from which the different formes of displacement may be recognized. These include isolated luxations of scaphoid in palmar, radial or dorsal directions, varying degrees of scapho-lunate subluxations and luxations and the special type of isolated subluxation of the scaphoid bone. In the first part of the paper the diagnostic criteria and in particular the radiologic signs are described. Most important is the recognition of the alteration in the shapes of the scaphoid bone due to its tilting on several axes and the overlapping of its outline with that of the adjacent bones. The displacement of the whole carpal region can extend as far distal as the metacarpals. A diastasis of the scaphoid and lunate is typically due to rupture of the ligaments between these bones and the radius.
舟骨的部分和完全脱位发生率低且诊断困难，这使其成为手外科中一个有问题的章节。诊断的关键在于正确解读X线片，从中识别出不同形式的移位。这些移位包括舟骨向掌侧、桡侧或背侧的孤立脱位、不同程度的舟月关节半脱位和脱位以及舟骨的特殊类型孤立半脱位。在本文的第一部分，描述了诊断标准，尤其是放射学征象。最重要的是识别由于舟骨在多个轴向上倾斜以及其轮廓与相邻骨骼轮廓重叠而导致的舟骨形状改变。整个腕骨区域的移位可远至掌骨。舟骨和月骨的分离通常是由于这些骨头与桡骨之间的韧带断裂所致。
