Méndez Gallart R, Gómez Tellado M, Somoza Argibay I, Liras Muñoz J, Pais Piñeiro E, Vela Nieto D
Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Materno-Infantil Teresa Herrera. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo. La Coruña. Spain.
An Esp Pediatr. 2002 May;56(5):425-9.
Dog bites to children have increasingly come to the forefront of public attention in recent years, especially attacks by certain breeds classified as aggressive. Dog bites account for approximately 1 % of all emergency pediatric department visits and 75 % of these bites occur in children. Although these lesions are rarely serious, 20-45 % of children under the age of 15 years have been bitten.
To analyze the reality of this problem in our population in order to determine the ideal prehospital preventive measures that would reduce the incidence of dog bites.
A retrospective study of children with dog bites who received emergency treatment in the Hospital Infantil Teresa Herrera of the Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo in La Coruña, Spain, between 1991 and 2000 was undertaken. A register of patients was created that included data on age and sex of the children, the race of the dog, the relationship between the child and the animal, characteristics of the injuries, circumstances of the attack, probable sequelae, need for hospital admission and complications during treatment. Nonparametric data were analyzed using Pearson's 2 test. The Ox ratio was estimated with a 95 % confidence interval (0.05).
In the 10-year period between January 1991 and December 2000, 654 patients under the age of 14 years were treated for dog bite-related injuries. The mean age was 5.09 years. A greater number of boys had been bitten than girls (2.75/1). In 79 % of the cases the dogs were known (family, friends, neighbors). Thirty-eight percent of the attacks were made by German Shepherds and 35 % by crossed breeds. Sixty-five percent of the bites were located on the head, face and neck, especially in patients aged less than 4 years. Five percent of the lesions were severe. Thirteen patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and 98 patients required hospitalization due to the characteristics of the injuries. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. Infectious complications occurred in 32 patients.
Although dog bite-related injuries to children in our community are rarely serious, they can produce important facial cosmetic sequelae. The high incidence of these lesions indicates the need for preventive measures and public policy strategies.
近年来，儿童被狗咬伤的问题日益受到公众关注，尤其是某些被归类为具有攻击性品种的狗的袭击。狗咬伤约占儿科急诊就诊总数的1%，其中75%的咬伤发生在儿童身上。尽管这些伤口很少严重，但15岁以下的儿童中有20% - 45%曾被狗咬伤。
分析我们人群中这一问题的实际情况，以确定能降低狗咬伤发生率的理想院前预防措施。
对1991年至2000年期间在西班牙拉科鲁尼亚胡安·卡纳莱霍医院综合体的特蕾莎·埃雷拉儿童医院接受急诊治疗的被狗咬伤儿童进行了一项回顾性研究。创建了一个患者登记册，其中包括儿童的年龄和性别、狗的品种、儿童与动物的关系、受伤特征、袭击情况、可能的后遗症、住院需求以及治疗期间的并发症等数据。使用Pearson卡方检验分析非参数数据。用95%置信区间（0.05）估计优势比。
在1991年1月至2000年12月的10年期间，654名14岁以下的患者因狗咬伤相关损伤接受了治疗。平均年龄为5.09岁。被咬伤的男孩比女孩多（2.75比1）。在79%的病例中，狗是已知的（家人、朋友、邻居的）。38%的袭击是由德国牧羊犬造成的，35%是由杂交品种造成的。65%的咬伤位于头部、面部和颈部，尤其是4岁以下的患者。5%的伤口严重。13名患者被收入儿科重症监护病房，98名患者因伤势特征需要住院治疗。平均住院时间为6天。32名患者出现感染并发症。
尽管我们社区中儿童被狗咬伤相关损伤很少严重，但可能会产生重要的面部美容后遗症。这些损伤的高发生率表明需要采取预防措施和公共政策策略。
