Schenone Hugo, Olea Andrea, Schenone Hugo, Contreras María C, Mercado Rubén, Sandoval Lea, Pavletic Carlos
Unidad de Parasitología Norte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Epidemiología, División de Salud de las Personas, Ministerio de Salud, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2002 Mar;130(3):281-5.
Human and animal trichinosis has been recorded in Chile since the late XIX century and is irregularly distributed along the country. From high rates of infection in the early 1900, the frequency of this parasitosis in man has progressively decreased.
To describe and discuss the epidemiological situation of trichinosis in Chile during the decade 1991-2000.
Human infection was assessed using annual incidence and lethality reports provided by the Ministry of Health, periodic photostrichinoscopies in corpses of non selected individuals autopsied at the Medico Legal Service and periodic national serologic surveys. The advise of one of the authors in an epidemic that occurred in 1999 in the VIII Region was also used. Animal infection was assessed using the annual prevalence of infection in pigs slaughtered in abattoirs, furnished by the Ministry of Health.
A total of 631 clinical cases with 4 deaths (0.6%) was recorded. A decline in the incidence, from 0.7 x 100,000 in 1991 to 0.2 x 100,000 in 2000 was recorded. The higher frequency of the parasitosis was observed in the Metropolitan, VI, VIII and X regions. Although human trichinosis has been observed in all seasons, its frequency increases in close relation with the higher pork consumption in cold seasons (45.8% in winter and 37.5% in spring). There has been a decrease of infection rates in pigs from 0.17@1000 in 1991 to 0.04@1000 in 1998-2000.
The incidence and prevalence of trichinosis shows a constant decline in Chile. Considering the geographical characteristics of Chile, it is possible that an undetermined number of pigs are home reared and butchered without veterinary control, constituting an important source of human trichinosis.
自19世纪末以来，智利已记录到人和动物的旋毛虫病，且在该国分布不均。从20世纪初的高感染率以来，这种寄生虫病在人类中的感染频率逐渐下降。
描述和讨论1991 - 2000年这十年间智利旋毛虫病的流行病学情况。
利用卫生部提供的年度发病率和致死率报告、在法医处对非选定个体尸体进行的定期旋毛虫镜检以及定期全国血清学调查来评估人类感染情况。还采用了其中一位作者在1999年第八大区发生的一次疫情中的建议。利用卫生部提供的屠宰场宰杀猪的年度感染率来评估动物感染情况。
共记录到631例临床病例，4例死亡（0.6%）。发病率有所下降，从1991年的0.7×10万降至2000年的0.2×10万。在首都大区、第六大区、第八大区和第十大区观察到该寄生虫病的发病率较高。尽管全年都观察到人类旋毛虫病，但发病率的增加与寒冷季节猪肉消费量增加密切相关（冬季为45.8%，春季为37.5%）。猪的感染率从1991年的0.17/1000降至1998 - 2000年的0.04/1000。
智利旋毛虫病的发病率和患病率呈持续下降趋势。考虑到智利的地理特征，可能有数量不明的猪在没有兽医监管的情况下在家中饲养和屠宰，构成人类旋毛虫病的一个重要来源。
