Bodley-Tickell A T, Kitchen S E, Sturdee A P
School of Science and Environment, Coventry University, UK.
Water Res. 2002 Apr;36(7):1880-6. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00398-0.
A 17-month survey based on weekly testing for Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface waters draining a livestock farm on a Warwickshire (UK) estate has shown that the parasite is present throughout the year, with the highest frequency of occurrence and maximum concentrations during the autumn and winter. The 190 ha farm is managed as an exemplar for a teaching institution. There were up to 800 livestock present at peak times of year in the catchment of the stream draining the estate. Oocysts were concentrated from grab samples by a flocculation procedure, stained with monoclonal antibody and detected by fluorescence microscopy. Overall, 274/418 (66%) of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. Where the stream passed from the estate, the occurrence was 79%, with mean and median oocysts/l of 0.48 and 0.2, respectively. Highest oocyst levels coincided with calving and increased wild animal numbers following breeding. There was no correlation of oocyst levels with rainfall or slurry spreading. Cryptosporidium was also frequently found in a pond on arable land (no livestock) indicating that wild animals alone contributed oocysts to surface waters. These results from a well managed livestock farm may represent a typical natural baseline for levels of occurrence and concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface waters of the lowland agricultural environment of the UK.
一项为期17个月的调查，基于对英国沃里克郡一处地产上一个畜牧场排水的地表水中隐孢子虫卵囊进行每周检测，结果显示该寄生虫全年都存在，在秋季和冬季出现频率最高且浓度最大。这个190公顷的农场是一所教学机构的示范农场。在该地产排水溪流的集水区，一年中的高峰时期有多达800头牲畜。通过絮凝程序从采集的水样中浓缩卵囊，用单克隆抗体染色，并用荧光显微镜检测。总体而言，418个样本中有274个（66%）隐孢子虫检测呈阳性。在溪流流出该地产的地方，阳性率为79%，卵囊每升的均值和中位数分别为0.48和0.2。最高的卵囊水平与产犊以及繁殖后野生动物数量增加同时出现。卵囊水平与降雨量或粪肥撒施没有相关性。在一块耕地上的池塘（没有牲畜）中也经常发现隐孢子虫，这表明仅野生动物就会向地表水中排放卵囊。这个管理良好的畜牧场的这些结果可能代表了英国低地农业环境地表水中隐孢子虫卵囊出现水平和浓度的典型自然基线。
