Tisonová J, Biss B, Tison P, Kriska M
Farmakologický ústav Lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava, Slovenská republika.
Vnitr Lek. 2002 May;48(5):396-402.
In the submitted review the authors discuss the nephrotoxicity of drugs which is a serious danger of pharmacotherapy. Clinically it may be manifested in different ways from acute deterioration of renal functions to the picture of chronic renal insufficiency. It is particularly important to know the nephrotoxic potential of different drug groups and to ensure a careful stratification of patients. The most frequent drug groups which lead to affection of the kidneys are radiocontrasting substances, aminoglycoside antibiotics, non-steroid analgesics-antiphlogistics and ACE inhibitors. With the increasing number of transplantations the problem of nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressives is becoming important. The authors analyze in each group risk factors, the pathogenesis, clinical picture and prognosis of damage. Special emphasis is laid on adherence to preventive measures and careful monitoring of the laboratory and clinical picture, in particular in risk groups of patients as treatment of already developed nephrotoxic sequelae of pharmacotherapy is frequently difficult.
在提交的综述中，作者讨论了药物肾毒性，这是药物治疗的一个严重风险。临床上，其表现形式多样，从肾功能急性恶化到慢性肾功能不全的症状。了解不同药物组的肾毒性潜力并确保对患者进行仔细分层尤为重要。导致肾脏受损的最常见药物组是放射性造影剂、氨基糖苷类抗生素、非甾体类镇痛抗炎药和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂。随着移植数量的增加，免疫抑制剂的肾毒性问题变得日益重要。作者分析了每组中的危险因素、发病机制、损伤的临床表现和预后。特别强调要坚持预防措施，并仔细监测实验室检查结果和临床症状，尤其是在高危患者群体中，因为药物治疗已产生的肾毒性后遗症往往难以治疗。
