Nephrotoxicity of common drugs used by urologists.

Many clinically popular drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, amphotericin B, radiographic contrast media, analgesics, platinum-based cancer chemotherapy, and cyclosporine, can cause deterioration of kidney function even when the dose has been adjusted properly for renal insufficiency. The authors review the pathophysiologic mechanisms of nephrotoxicity of these drugs and prevention and treatment strategies.