Ramji Siddarth
Neonatal Division, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2002 May;69(5):401-4. doi: 10.1007/BF02722630.
There is sufficient evidence at present to support early enteral feeding of low birth weight (LBW) neonates, including those who are sick or very preterm (< 30 weeks). Trophic feeding with human milk initiated within 48 hours of birth at 10-15 ml/kg/day improves later tolerance to graded increment of enteral feeding volumes without increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Trophic feeding supports increments of feeding volumes by 30 ml/kg/day by intermittent gavage feeding. Non-nutritive sucking and spoon-feeding aid earlier transition to exclusive breast-feeding. Human milk promotes adequate growth of most preterm neonates, though many need multivitamin and mineral supplementation. The role of human milk fortifiers to promote growth appears controversial.
目前有充分证据支持对低出生体重（LBW）新生儿进行早期肠内喂养，包括患病或极早产儿（<30周）。出生后48小时内开始以10 - 15毫升/千克/天的量进行母乳微量喂养，可提高日后对逐渐增加的肠内喂养量的耐受性，且不会增加坏死性小肠结肠炎的风险。通过间歇管饲，微量喂养可支持以每天30毫升/千克的量增加喂养量。非营养性吸吮和小勺喂养有助于更早过渡到纯母乳喂养。母乳可促进大多数早产儿的充分生长，不过许多早产儿需要补充多种维生素和矿物质。母乳强化剂在促进生长方面的作用似乎存在争议。
