The emergence of modern genetics in Spain and the effects of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) on its development.

The aim of this paper is to show how modern genetics reached Spain through the Junta para la Amplición de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (JAE) during the decade of 1920s, the role played by key persons, and the level of development this discipline achieved from its different points of inception and under the conditions of financial scarcity and political turmoil that prevailed during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). In addition, the effect of the war on the continuity of the lines of research already began is outlined, identifying the main area in which genetics first reappeared: agronomy.