Orel V
Hist Philos Life Sci. 1997;19(3):315-30.
Inbreeding introduced by R. Bakewell (1725-1795) in England for creating new animal races, was opposed by animal breeders on the Continent on religious grounds, and was soon introduced in sheep breeding for wool production in Moravia. In 1790-1840 the protagonists repeatedly rejected 'the spectre of inbreeding' and included consanguineous matching in scientific breeding. In 1836 they even formulated the research question of heredity and next year proposed the inductive method for its investigation. The achievements of sheep breeders instigated German breeders to reject the dogma of the constancy of race and to elaborate the theory of individual potency. Treating heredity as the force under the influence of environment they could not solve the enigma. The question formulated in 1836 was explained in 1865 by Gregor Mendel. His theory was not perceived by animal breeders as well as by biologists up to the end of the century.
R. 贝克韦尔（1725 - 1795）在英国为培育新的动物品种而引入的近亲繁殖，遭到了欧洲大陆动物育种者基于宗教理由的反对，但很快在摩拉维亚被用于羊毛生产的绵羊育种中。在1790年至1840年期间，倡导者们多次驳斥“近亲繁殖的幽灵”，并将近亲交配纳入科学育种中。1836年，他们甚至提出了遗传的研究问题，并于次年提出了用于研究的归纳法。绵羊育种者的成就促使德国育种者摒弃了品种恒定的教条，并阐述了个体潜能理论。由于将遗传视为受环境影响的力量，他们无法解开这个谜团。1836年提出的问题在1865年由格雷戈尔·孟德尔做出了解释。直到世纪末，他的理论都未被动物育种者以及生物学家所认识。
