Bollini Paola, Laporte Jean-Dominique, Harding Timothy W
Institute of Legal Medicine, Humanitarian Action Programme, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Eur J Public Health. 2002 Jun;12(2):83-9. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/12.2.83.
In spite of the availability of international guidelines, HIV prevention and management of care in prison is still unsatisfactory in many countries. Factors affecting the quality of HIV prevention policies in prison have not yet been elucidated. The present study had two aims: i) to assess national HIV prevention policies in prison in a selected group of countries; and ii) to determine which factors influenced such policies at the country level.
HIV prevention policies in prison were reviewed comparatively in Moldova, Hungary, Nizhnii Novgorod region of the Russian Federation, Switzerland and Italy. The review of HIV prevention policies in prison was conducted through interviews with government officials, non-governmental organizations, professionals involved in this field, and visits to selected prisons. Information on the health of prisoners, including tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and other infectious diseases has also been collected.
The results indicated that all countries had adopted a policy, irrespective of the burden of HIV infection in the prison system. The content of the policy mirrored the philosophy and strategies of HIV prevention and care in the community. The 1993 WHO Guidelines were fully implemented only in one country out of four (Switzerland), and partially in two (Italy and Hungary).
A greater effort aimed at dissemination of information, provision of technical know-how and material resources could be the answer to at least part of the problems identified. In addition, greater national and international efforts are needed to stimulate the debate and build consensus on harm reduction activities in prison.
尽管有国际准则，但许多国家监狱中的艾滋病毒预防和护理管理仍不尽人意。影响监狱艾滋病毒预防政策质量的因素尚未阐明。本研究有两个目的：i）评估一组选定国家的国家监狱艾滋病毒预防政策；ii）确定在国家层面上哪些因素影响了这些政策。
对摩尔多瓦、匈牙利、俄罗斯联邦下诺夫哥罗德地区、瑞士和意大利的监狱艾滋病毒预防政策进行了比较审查。通过与政府官员、非政府组织、该领域的专业人员进行访谈以及参观选定的监狱来进行监狱艾滋病毒预防政策审查。还收集了有关囚犯健康的信息，包括结核病、性传播疾病和其他传染病。
结果表明，所有国家都制定了一项政策，无论监狱系统中艾滋病毒感染的负担如何。该政策的内容反映了社区艾滋病毒预防和护理的理念和策略。1993年世界卫生组织准则仅在四个国家中的一个国家（瑞士）得到全面实施，在另外两个国家（意大利和匈牙利）部分实施。
加大力度传播信息、提供技术诀窍和物质资源可能至少是解决部分已发现问题的答案。此外，需要国家和国际做出更大努力，以激发关于监狱减少伤害活动的辩论并达成共识。
