Hunt Patricia A, Hassold Terry J
Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4955, USA.
Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2181-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1071907.
In mammals, fertilization typically involves the ovulation of one or a few eggs at one end of the female reproductive tract and the entry of millions of sperm at the other. Given this disparity in numbers, it might be expected that the more precious commodity-eggs-would be subject to more stringent quality-control mechanisms. However, information from engineered mutations of meiotic genes suggests just the opposite. Specifically, the available mutants demonstrate striking sexual dimorphism in response to meiotic disruption; for example, faced with adversity, male meiosis grinds to a halt, whereas female meiosis soldiers on. This female "robustness" comes with a cost, however, because aneuploidy appears to be increased in the resultant oocytes.
在哺乳动物中,受精过程通常包括在雌性生殖道一端排出一个或几个卵子,而在另一端则有 millions of sperm 进入。鉴于数量上的这种差异,人们可能会认为更珍贵的卵子会受到更严格的质量控制机制的约束。然而,来自减数分裂基因工程突变的信息却表明情况恰恰相反。具体而言,现有的突变体显示出在应对减数分裂破坏时显著的性别二态性;例如,面对逆境时,雄性减数分裂会停止,而雌性减数分裂则会继续。然而,这种雌性的“稳健性”是有代价的,因为由此产生的卵母细胞中非整倍体的比例似乎会增加。