Landén Mikael, Innala Sune
Section of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Sweden.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2002;56(3):181-6. doi: 10.1080/080394802317607156.
Studies assessing attitudes towards homosexuals have revealed widespread homophobia. The first aim of this study was to assess potential changes in public attitudes after important legislative changes related to homosexuals in Sweden. The second aim was to test whether the attitudes differ: 1) between people who believe in biological vs. people who believe in psychological theories in explanation of homosexuality, 2) between men and women, and 3) between the older and younger age groups. To this end, a questionnaire survey of a representative, randomly selected, national sample of 992 adult Swedish residents was carried out. The response rate was 67%, which is considered high in this context. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a clear-cut change towards more tolerant attitudes towards homosexual men and women compared to earlier studies. The reasons for this change is discussed; among factors of importance are anti-discrimination legislation, increased visibility of homosexual people, and that more people currently regard homosexuality as a biologically determined, natural variant of human sexuality than was the case 10 years ago. In accordance, this study gave further support to the notion that those who believe that homosexuality is caused by biological factors have a less restrictive view on homosexuality than do people who hold a psychological view.
评估对同性恋者态度的研究揭示了普遍存在的恐同现象。本研究的首要目的是评估瑞典在与同性恋者相关的重要立法变革后公众态度的潜在变化。第二个目的是检验以下几方面的态度是否存在差异：1）相信生物学理论与相信心理学理论来解释同性恋的人群之间；2）男性与女性之间；3）年龄较大和年龄较小的群体之间。为此，对992名成年瑞典居民组成的具有代表性的、随机抽取的全国样本进行了问卷调查。回复率为67%，在这种情况下被认为是很高的。总之，与早期研究相比，本研究表明对男同性恋者和女同性恋者的态度明显朝着更加宽容的方向转变。文中讨论了这种变化的原因；其中重要的因素包括反歧视立法、同性恋者的可见度增加，以及与10年前相比，目前更多的人将同性恋视为人类性行为中由生物学决定的自然变体。相应地，本研究进一步支持了这样一种观点，即那些认为同性恋是由生物学因素引起的人对同性恋的看法比持有心理学观点的人更为宽松。
