Weale Michael E, Weiss Deborah A, Jager Rolf F, Bradman Neil, Thomas Mark G
The Centre for Genetic Anthropology, Departments of Biology and Anthropology, University College London, University of London, United Kingdom.
Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jul;19(7):1008-21. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004160.
British history contains several periods of major cultural change. It remains controversial as to how much these periods coincided with substantial immigration from continental Europe, even for those that occurred most recently. In this study, we examine genetic data for evidence of male immigration at particular times into Central England and North Wales. To do this, we used 12 biallelic polymorphisms and six microsatellite markers to define high-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes in a sample of 313 males from seven towns located along an east-west transect from East Anglia to North Wales. The Central English towns were genetically very similar, whereas the two North Welsh towns differed significantly both from each other and from the Central English towns. When we compared our data with an additional 177 samples collected in Friesland and Norway, we found that the Central English and Frisian samples were statistically indistinguishable. Using novel population genetic models that incorporate both mass migration and continuous gene flow, we conclude that these striking patterns are best explained by a substantial migration of Anglo-Saxon Y chromosomes into Central England (contributing 50%-100% to the gene pool at that time) but not into North Wales.
英国历史包含几个主要文化变革时期。即便对于最近发生的那些时期而言，这些时期与来自欧洲大陆的大量移民在多大程度上重合仍存在争议。在本研究中，我们检查基因数据，以寻找特定时期男性移民进入英格兰中部和北威尔士的证据。为此，我们使用了12个双等位基因多态性和6个微卫星标记，在从东安格利亚到北威尔士的东西向横断面沿线7个城镇的313名男性样本中定义高分辨率Y染色体单倍型。英格兰中部的城镇在基因上非常相似，而北威尔士的两个城镇彼此之间以及与英格兰中部的城镇都有显著差异。当我们将我们的数据与在弗里斯兰和挪威收集的另外177个样本进行比较时，我们发现英格兰中部和弗里斯兰的样本在统计学上无法区分。使用结合了大规模移民和持续基因流动的新型群体遗传模型，我们得出结论，这些显著模式的最佳解释是盎格鲁-撒克逊Y染色体大量迁入英格兰中部（当时对基因库的贡献为50%-100%），但没有迁入北威尔士。
