Forjuoh Samuel N, Fiesinger Troy, Schuchmann John A, Mason Saundra
Department of Family Medicine, Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Scott, Sherwood, and Brindley Foundation, Texas A & M University System Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Jul;156(7):656-61. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.156.7.656.
To compare the distribution and observation of helmet use patterns among 4 common childhood leisure activities-bicycle riding, in-line skating, skateboarding, and scooter riding-in a setting with no helmet use legislation.
A cross-sectional, unobtrusive, direct observation of children engaged in 1 of the 4 activities was conducted during an 8-week period.
Eight communities of at least 1000 persons each in a 2-county Central Texas area.
Prevalence of activity, helmet use, and correct helmet use.
Of 841 children observed, most rode bicycles (74.8%); only 4.2% rode skateboards. They included 127 children estimated to be younger than 6 years (15.1%) and 495 estimated to be aged between 6 and 12 years (58.9%). Most were male (67.3%) and observed in urban communities (61.7%). The locations of highest concentration of the 4 activities were minor streets for bicycle riding, playgrounds for in-line skating, and sidewalks for skateboarding and scooter riding. The rate of overall helmet use was 13.6% and did not vary significantly by activity: in-line skating, 18.2%; skateboarding, 14.3%; bicycle riding, 13.5%; and scooter riding, 11.5%. However, the observed correct helmet use prevalence of 72.6% differed significantly by activity. Most children riding scooters wore their helmets incorrectly. Helmet use was positively associated with helmet use by accompanying children and/or adults.
While bicycle riding was the most popular activity observed, helmet use was most prevalent among in-line skaters and least prevalent among scooter riders, many of whom also wore them incorrectly. Observed helmet use was influenced mostly by adult and peer helmet use, indicating that public education and interventions should target children and their parents as well as scooter riders.
在没有头盔使用立法的环境中，比较4种常见儿童休闲活动（骑自行车、轮滑、滑板和骑踏板车）中头盔使用模式的分布情况并进行观察。
在为期8周的时间里，对参与4种活动之一的儿童进行了横断面、不引人注意的直接观察。
德克萨斯州中部地区两个县的8个社区，每个社区至少有1000人。
活动的发生率、头盔使用情况和正确使用头盔的情况。
在观察的841名儿童中，大多数人骑自行车（74.8%）；只有4.2%的人玩滑板。其中估计有127名儿童年龄小于6岁（15.1%），495名儿童年龄在6至12岁之间（58.9%）。大多数是男性（67.3%），且观察对象多来自城市社区（61.7%）。这4种活动最集中的地点分别是：骑自行车在小街道，轮滑在操场，滑板和骑踏板车在人行道。总体头盔使用率为13.6%，且在不同活动中无显著差异：轮滑为18.2%；滑板为14.3%；骑自行车为13.5%；骑踏板车为11.5%。然而，观察到的正确使用头盔的发生率为72.6%，在不同活动中存在显著差异。大多数骑踏板车的儿童佩戴头盔不正确。头盔使用与陪同的儿童和/或成人佩戴头盔呈正相关。
虽然观察到骑自行车是最受欢迎的活动，但头盔使用在轮滑者中最为普遍，在骑踏板车者中最不普遍，其中许多人佩戴头盔也不正确。观察到的头盔使用情况主要受成人和同伴头盔使用的影响，这表明公共教育和干预措施应针对儿童及其父母以及骑踏板车的人。
