Birmes P, Senard J M, Escande M, Schmitt L
Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Médicale, Hôpital Purpan-Casselardit, CHU de Toulouse, place Baylac, F-31059 Toulouse cedex, France.
Encephale. 2002 May-Jun;28(3 Pt 1):241-7.
Subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit abnormalities in many psychobiological systems. Studies of the effects of stress on learning and memory processes suggest that fear conditioning, behavioural sensitisation, and a failure of extinction may be important in the persistence and reexperiencing of traumatic memories and stress sensitivity. All these symptoms are supported by specific biological mechanisms including NMDA receptors, noradrenergic system, etc. Recent findings show that amino acid transmitters, glutamate and GABA, are intimately involved in the process of factual memory registration, and suggest that amine neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and serotonin, are involved in encoding emotional memory. In addition, research suggests that 5-HT neurones have directs effects on both adrenergic and HPA function. Such findings provide important information that should guide current pharmacological practice and the development of innovative biological therapeutics.
患有创伤后应激障碍的受试者在许多心理生物学系统中表现出异常。对应激对学习和记忆过程影响的研究表明，恐惧条件反射、行为敏感化以及消退失败可能在创伤性记忆的持续存在和反复体验以及应激敏感性中起重要作用。所有这些症状都有特定的生物学机制支持，包括NMDA受体、去甲肾上腺素能系统等。最近的研究结果表明，氨基酸递质谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸密切参与事实性记忆的登记过程，并表明胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺参与情绪记忆的编码。此外，研究表明5-羟色胺能神经元对肾上腺素能和HPA功能均有直接影响。这些发现提供了重要信息，应指导当前的药物治疗实践和创新生物疗法的开发。
