Schönning Caroline, Leeming Rhys, Stenström Thor Axel
Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna.
Water Res. 2002 Apr;36(8):1965-72. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00427-4.
Transmissible pathogens in source-separated human urine, intended for reuse in agriculture, mainly originate from faeces that cross-contaminate the urine. The health risks associated with the enteric pathogens will largely be dependent on their initial concentration and their inactivation during storage in the urine. Faecal sterols have proven stable in urine and can, rather than indicator bacteria, be used to quantify the faecal cross-contamination. In this study, urine collection tanks were sampled and ratios between various faecal sterols were used to determine if the urine was contaminated by faeces. Twenty-two percent of samples from the upper part of the tanks and 37% of samples from the bottom sludge were found to be contaminated. Coprostanol concentrations in the contaminated urine samples corresponded to a mean faecal contamination of 9.1+/-5.6 mg l(-1) urine. E. coli was absent in a majority of the samples. Faecal streptococci and clostridia were enumerated but not found to correlate with coprostanol concentrations in contaminated samples.
拟用于农业再利用的源分离人尿中的可传播病原体，主要源自对尿液造成交叉污染的粪便。与肠道病原体相关的健康风险在很大程度上取决于它们的初始浓度以及在尿液储存过程中的灭活情况。粪便固醇已被证明在尿液中稳定，并且相较于指示菌，可用于量化粪便交叉污染。在本研究中，对尿液收集池进行了采样，并利用各种粪便固醇之间的比例来确定尿液是否受到粪便污染。发现来自收集池上部的样本中有22%以及来自底部污泥的样本中有37%受到了污染。受污染尿液样本中的粪甾烷醇浓度相当于每升尿液平均有9.1±5.6毫克的粪便污染。大多数样本中未检测到大肠杆菌。对粪链球菌和梭菌进行了计数，但未发现它们与受污染样本中的粪甾烷醇浓度相关。
