Buckworth J, Wallace L S
Ohio State University, Sports and Exercise Sciences, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1284, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002 Sep;42(3):360-7.
A physically activity lifestyle has established health benefits, but interventions to increase exercise adherence have had mixed success. Examining physically active individuals could provide insight into strategies that are effective for exercise maintenance. The purpose of this study was to compare active adults based on exercise stage classification [action (ACT) and maintenance (MT)] according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Physiological and psychosocial differences between stages were hypothesized to be consistent with theory and previous research.
A cross-sectional design was used to examine components of the TTM, exercise behavior, resting cardiovascular variables, and VO(peak). Data from 57 physically active college students (age= 21.2 +/- 3.7 yrs, 67% female, 71.9% Caucasian) were included in the analysis. TTM variables and self-report of behavior were measured with established questionnaires. VO(peak) was determined from expired gases during a maximal exercise test.
Volume of weekly exercise and number of months consistently active were significantly greater for MT (n=35) than for ACT (n=22). When controlling for gender effects, VO(peak) and systolic blood pressure were also greater in MT than ACT. MT also scored higher than ACT on decisional balance (pros-cons of exercise) and 4 processes of change.
Membership in MT and ACT stages was corroborated by aerobic capacity. Predicted differences in TTM components were only partially supported, but behavioral strategies were used more by participants who were consistently active longer. Physically active individuals should be studied over time to determine if targeting behavioral processes of change will enhance long-term exercise adherence.
积极的生活方式对健康有益，但旨在提高运动依从性的干预措施效果不一。研究积极运动的个体有助于深入了解有效维持运动的策略。本研究旨在根据跨理论模型（TTM），比较处于运动阶段分类（行动阶段[ACT]和维持阶段[MT]）的成年活跃人群。假设不同阶段之间的生理和心理社会差异与理论及先前研究一致。
采用横断面设计来研究TTM的组成部分、运动行为、静息心血管变量和峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）。分析纳入了57名身体活跃的大学生的数据（年龄 = 21.2 ± 3.7岁，67%为女性，71.9%为白种人）。TTM变量和行为自我报告通过既定问卷进行测量。VO₂peak通过最大运动测试期间的呼出气体测定。
MT组（n = 35）每周的运动量和持续活跃的月数显著多于ACT组（n = 22）。在控制性别影响后，MT组的VO₂peak和收缩压也高于ACT组。MT组在决策平衡（运动的利弊）和4个改变过程方面的得分也高于ACT组。
有氧能力证实了处于MT阶段和ACT阶段的情况。TTM组成部分的预测差异仅得到部分支持，但持续活跃时间较长的参与者更多地使用了行为策略。应长期研究身体活跃的个体，以确定针对改变的行为过程是否会提高长期运动依从性。
