Zhang Zulin, Hong Huashong, Zhou John L, Yu Gang, Chen Weiqi, Wang Xinghong
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua POPs Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
J Environ Monit. 2002 Jun;4(3):435-41. doi: 10.1039/b111204j.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as chlorinated pesticides are of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity to animals and human. This paper summarises recent research on 18 chlorinated pesticides in an important catchment in China, by determining their concentrations and behaviour in water, sediment, soil and plants. The concentrations of the total pesticides were in the ranges 187-893 ng l(-1) in river water, 8.53-210 ng g(-1) dry weight in soil, 2.66-13.45 ng g(-1) dry weight in river sediment, and 651-2823 ng g(-1) dry weight in plants. The predominance of beta-HCH as the major isomer of HCHs in all water, soil, sediment and plant samples was clearly observed, due to beta-HCH's resistance to biodegradation. On average beta-HCH accounted for 44%, 53%, 50%, and 46% of the total HCH concentration in water, soil, sediment and plant, respectively. Of the DDTs, DDE accounted for 48%, 43%, 53%, 55% of the total DDT, which suggested that DDT had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD, of which DDE was the more stable. The chlorinated pesticide levels in the River Wuchuan were generally below the guideline values in China, but some sites displayed levels in excess of EC Environmental Quality Standards for HCHs and DDTs. The results therefore provide important information on the current contamination status of a key agricultural watershed in China, and point to the need for urgent actions to evaluate the long-term fate and toxicity of such persistent compounds and an appropriate remediation strategy.
诸如氯化农药之类的持久性有机污染物（POPs）因其广泛存在、持久性、生物累积性以及对动物和人类的毒性而受到全球关注。本文通过测定18种氯化农药在中国一个重要流域的水、沉积物、土壤和植物中的浓度及行为，总结了近期相关研究。总农药浓度范围为：河水中187 - 893 ng l(-1)，土壤中8.53 - 210 ng g(-1)干重，河流沉积物中2.66 - 13.45 ng g(-1)干重，植物中651 - 2823 ng g(-1)干重。由于β-六氯环己烷（β-HCH）抗生物降解，在所有水、土壤、沉积物和植物样品中均清晰观察到β-六氯环己烷作为六氯环己烷（HCHs）主要异构体的优势地位。平均而言，β-六氯环己烷分别占水、土壤、沉积物和植物中总六氯环己烷浓度的44%、53%、50%和46%。在滴滴涕（DDTs）中，滴滴伊（DDE）分别占总滴滴涕的48%、43%、53%、55%，这表明滴滴涕已转化为其代谢产物滴滴伊和滴滴滴（DDD），其中滴滴伊更稳定。武川河中的氯化农药水平总体低于中国的指导值，但部分点位显示出超过欧盟（EC）六氯环己烷和滴滴涕环境质量标准的水平。因此，这些结果提供了关于中国一个关键农业流域当前污染状况的重要信息，并表明需要采取紧急行动来评估此类持久性化合物的长期归宿和毒性以及制定适当的修复策略。
